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      Long-term decline of whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) population in the boreal lake Pyhäjärvi, southwest Finland, relative to simultaneous abiotic and biotic changes

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          Abstract

          In recent decades many lake fish populations have faced complex pressures particularly due to climate warming and eutrophication. In Lake Pyhäjärvi, southwest Finland, profound changes have occurred in the commercial winter fisheries targeting the coregonids vendace, Coregonus albula, and whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus. The responses of vendace have been examined earlier, and here the detailed analyses are extended to the whitefish. In the 1970s and 1980s, the coregonid fishery was sustainable, but in 1991–1998, intense exploitation led to recruitment overfishing of vendace. Despite temporarily improved growth and recruitment of whitefish during vendace decline, whitefish population biomass declined throughout the study period, while perch ( Perca fluviatilis), roach ( Rutilus rutilus) and ruffe ( Gymnocephalus cernuus) increased and vendace and smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus) maintained their abundance. As many other northern lakes, Pyhäjärvi seems to be changing from coregonid to perch dominance due to climate warming and eutrophication. Whitefish decline was associated with decreases in fecundity, winter survival of embryos, and larval density. The spawning stock was kept small by intensive fishery. The decline of the relative fecundity was likely due to food competition with vendace and especially the perch and roach populations that increased with eutrophication and more frequent hot summers. The winter survival of whitefish embryos decreased when the introduced signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus) increased. Despite decreasing fishing effort in the 2000s the larval numbers continued to decline. In the prevailing circumstances in Pyhäjärvi, whitefish will with high probability remain as a minor and still declining species of the fish assemblage.

          Abstract

          The long-term decline of the whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) population in the boreal lake Pyhäjärvi, southwest Finland is described. Whitefish decline was associated with decreases in fecundity, winter survival of embryos, and larval density. The spawning stock was kept small by intensive fishery.

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          Most cited references66

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                limn
                https://www.limnology-journal.org
                International Journal of Limnology
                Int. J. Lim.
                EDP Sciences
                2823-1465
                02 September 2024
                02 September 2024
                2024
                : 60
                : ( publisher-idID: limn/2024/01 )
                : 16
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biology, University of Turku, , 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland,
                [2 ] Centre for Economic Development, Transport, and the Environment, , Turku, Finland,
                [3 ] University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO BOX 35, , 40014 Jyväskylän yliopisto, Finland,
                [4 ] Pyhäjärvi Institute, Teollisuustie 4, , 27510 Eura, Finland,
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: jouko.sarvala@ 123456utu.fi
                Article
                limn240005
                10.1051/limn/2024009
                db910d8b-b151-46c4-b0ab-2b8f70717b38
                © J. Sarvala et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2024

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 January 2024
                : 6 June 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 9, Tables: 1, Equations: 1, References: 66, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by: Academy of Finland
                Award ID: 09/109, 09/074, 1071004,1071149, 1071255, 31365, 35425,35619,44130,49052,52271
                Categories
                Special issue - Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes - 2023
                Research article
                Custom metadata
                Int. J. Lim. 2024, 60, 16
                yes
                2024
                2024
                2024

                Earth & Environmental sciences,Agriculture,Engineering,Geosciences,Materials science,Life sciences
                eutrophication,intense fishing,population decline,larval abundance,Climate warming

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