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      A Serra da Capivara e os primeiros povoamentos sul-americanos: uma revisão bibliográfica Translated title: The Serra da Capivara area and the first settlements in South America: a bibliographical review

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          Abstract

          Resumo A área da Serra da Capivara (Piauí, Brasil) é famosa na comunidade arqueológica internacional, principalmente pela polêmica ao redor do sítio Pedra Furada e de suas datas do Pleistoceno superior, fazendo dele um dos sítios mais antigosdas Américas. Os dados oriundos deste sítio contribuem indiscutivelmente nas discussões e nos conhecimentos sobre os processos de povoamento do continente. Por outro lado, a concentração das atenções sobre ele e sobre os debatesprovocados ofuscaram numerosas pesquisas nesse local que forneceram uma impressionante quantidade de dados sobre as primeiras ocupações humanas nas mais variadas áreas de conhecimento. No presente artigo, a partir de umarevisão bibliográfica, sintetizamos os resultados dessas pesquisas quanto aos contextos e aos comportamentos dos grupos humanos que ocuparam a região durante o final do Pleistoceno superior e o Holoceno inicial. Mostramos, assim, comoa pré-história da Serra da Capivara dialoga com os grandes temas sobre o povoamento do continente americano e traz uma contribuição relevante sobre essas questões, nas escalas macrorregionais e continentais

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Serra da Capivara area (Piauí, Brazil) is famous among archaeologists, mainly because of the controversy over the Pedra Furada shelter and its dates from the upper Pleistocene, making it one of the oldest sites in the Americas. The datafrom this site undoubtedly contributed to discussions about the settlement processes on the continent. On the other hand, the concentration of attention on this site and the resulting debates overshadowed numerous investigations in theSerra da Capivara, wich provided an impressive amount of data on the first human occupations in a variety of knowledge areas. This article reviews the literature to summarize the results of this research on the contexts and behaviors of thehuman groups that occupied the region during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene showing how the prehistory of Serra da Capivara dialogues with the overarching themes related to the settlement of the Americas and makes a relevantcontribution on these issues, at the macro-regional and continental levels.

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          Most cited references81

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          The late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas.

          When did humans colonize the Americas? From where did they come and what routes did they take? These questions have gripped scientists for decades, but until recently answers have proven difficult to find. Current genetic evidence implies dispersal from a single Siberian population toward the Bering Land Bridge no earlier than about 30,000 years ago (and possibly after 22,000 years ago), then migration from Beringia to the Americas sometime after 16,500 years ago. The archaeological records of Siberia and Beringia generally support these findings, as do archaeological sites in North and South America dating to as early as 15,000 years ago. If this is the time of colonization, geological data from western Canada suggest that humans dispersed along the recently deglaciated Pacific coastline.
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            Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas.

            The Clovis complex is considered to be the oldest unequivocal evidence of humans in the Americas, dating between 11,500 and 10,900 radiocarbon years before the present (14C yr B.P.). Adjusted 14C dates and a reevaluation of the existing Clovis date record revise the Clovis time range to 11,050 to 10,800 14C yr B.P. In as few as 200 calendar years, Clovis technology originated and spread throughout North America. The revised age range for Clovis overlaps non-Clovis sites in North and South America. This and other evidence imply that humans already lived in the Americas before Clovis.
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              Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bgoeldi
                Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
                Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.
                MCTI/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Belém, PA, Brazil )
                1981-8122
                2178-2547
                August 2019
                : 14
                : 2
                : 367-398
                Affiliations
                [01] Paris orgnameMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle França
                [03] São Raimundo Nonato Piauí orgnameFundação Museu do Homem Americano Brasil
                [02] Laranjeiras orgnameUniversidade Federal de Sergipe Brazil
                Article
                S1981-81222019000200367
                10.1590/1981.81222019000200007
                8dc604e3-ba1b-41c9-bb8e-c97b024f9add

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 October 2018
                : 28 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 125, Pages: 32
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Dossiê Cenários e Processos das Primeiras Ocupações Humanas no Brasil: O Papel da Pesquisa Arqueológica

                Povoamento,Pré-história,Nordeste do Brasil,Tecnologia lítica,Pleistoceno final,Holoceno inicial,Settlement dynamics,Prehistory,Northeast of Brazil,Lithic technology,Final Pleistocene,Early Holocene

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