Blood neutrophil extracellular traps: a novel target for the assessment of mammary health in transition dairy cows

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Abstract

Background

Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare. However, the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear. Differential somatic cell count (DSCC) could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows. This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Results

Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected. The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre- and postpartum, and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum. Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1, cows with lower (7.4% ± 4.07%, n = 15) and higher (83.3% ± 1.21%, n = 15) DSCCs were selected. High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts ( P < 0.05), hemoglobin ( P = 0.07), and hematocrit ( P = 0.05), higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables [(reactive oxygen species ( P < 0.05), malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05), protein carbonyl ( P < 0.05), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine ( P = 0.07)], higher levels of serum and milk NETs ( P < 0.05) and blood-milk barrier indicators, including serum β-casein ( P = 0.05) and milk immunoglobulin G2 ( P = 0.09), than those of low DSCC cows. In addition, lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites (cholesterol and albumin) ( P < 0.05) and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I ( P = 0.09) were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows. Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters (NETs, deoxyribonuclease I and β-casein), the area under the curve (0.973) of NETs was the highest. In addition, the sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (0.93) were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows.

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Most cited references 43

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Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research.

M M Mukaka (2012)

Correlation is a statistical method used to assess a possible linear association between two continuous variables. It is simple both to calculate and to interpret. However, misuse of correlation is so common among researchers that some statisticians have wished that the method had never been devised at all. The aim of this article is to provide a guide to appropriate use of correlation in medical research and to highlight some misuse. Examples of the applications of the correlation coefficient have been provided using data from statistical simulations as well as real data. Rule of thumb for interpreting size of a correlation coefficient has been provided.

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Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy

Henry Forman, Hongqiao Zhang (2021)

Oxidative stress is a component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Although numerous small molecules evaluated as antioxidants have exhibited therapeutic potential in preclinical studies, clinical trial results have been disappointing. A greater understanding of the mechanisms through which antioxidants act and where and when they are effective may provide a rational approach that leads to greater pharmacological success. Here, we review the relationships between oxidative stress, redox signalling and disease, the mechanisms through which oxidative stress can contribute to pathology, how antioxidant defences work, what limits their effectiveness and how antioxidant defences can be increased through physiological signalling, dietary components and potential pharmaceutical intervention. Although oxidative stress is associated with a broad range of diseases, therapeutic antioxidant approaches have so far been disappointing. Here, Forman and Zhang review the roles of oxidative stress and redox signalling in disease, assess antioxidant therapeutic strategies and highlight key limitations that have challenged their clinical application.

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Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system.

Akiko Iwasaki, Ruslan Medzhitov (2015)

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Luyi Jiang: luyi08042@163.com

Huizeng Sun: huizeng@zju.edu.cn

Fengfei Gu: fengfeigu@zju.edu.cn

Jin He: hejin@zju.edu.cn

Fengqi Zhao: fzhao@uvm.edu

Jianxin Liu:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-5186

liujx@zju.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Title: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Print): 1674-9782

ISSN (Electronic): 2049-1891

Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 16 November 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 131

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, , Zhejiang University, ; Hangzhou, China

[2 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, , Zhejiang University, ; Hangzhou, China

[3 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Institute of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, , Zhejiang University, ; Hangzhou, China

[4 ]GRID grid.59062.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7689, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, , University of Vermont, ; Burlington, USA

Author information

Jianxin Liu http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-5186

Article

Publisher ID: 782

DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00782-4

PMC ID: 9667642

PubMed ID: 36380371

SO-VID: 15a19fe9-0f2b-4854-b909-88b20f79021b

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 9 May 2022

Date accepted : 14 September 2022

Funding

Funded by: China–USA Intergovernmental Collaborative Project in S & T Innovation under the National Key R & D Program

Award ID: 2018YFE0111700

Award Recipient : Jianxin Liu

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology

Keywords: blood-milk barrier,differential somatic cell count,mastitis risk,neutrophil extracellular traps

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology

Keywords: blood-milk barrier, differential somatic cell count, mastitis risk, neutrophil extracellular traps

Blood neutrophil extracellular traps: a novel target for the assessment of mammary health in transition dairy cows

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Abstract

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Conclusions

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Animal Welfare

Most cited references 43

Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research.

Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy

Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system.

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