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      The effect of trust and proximity on vaccine propensity

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          Abstract

          The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of (1) trust in government medical experts and (2) proximity to a recent disease outbreak on vaccine propensity. More specifically, we explore how these variables affect attitudes with regards to measles. Using original survey data, collected in January/February 2017, we obtain three main empirical findings. First, contrary to our expectations, an individual’s proximity to a recent measles outbreak has no independent effect on vaccination attitudes. Second, corroborating previous studies in the field, we find that trust in institutions such as the CDC has a positive effect on our dependent variable. Third, there is a significant interactive relationship between proximity and trust in governmental medical experts. While distance from a previous measles outbreak has no effect on vaccination attitudes for respondents with medium or high levels of trust, the variable exerts a negative effect for subjects with little confidence in government medical experts. In other words: low-trust individuals who live farther away from a recent measles outbreak harbor less favorable views about vaccination for this particular disease than low-trust respondents who live close to an affected area. This implies that citizens who are skeptical of the CDC and similar institutions base their vaccination decision-making to some degree on whether or not a given disease occurs in close vicinity to their community.

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          Most cited references35

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          Regional alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality in Great Britain: novel insights using retail sales data

          Background Regional differences in population levels of alcohol-related harm exist across Great Britain, but these are not entirely consistent with differences in population levels of alcohol consumption. This incongruence may be due to the use of self-report surveys to estimate consumption. Survey data are subject to various biases and typically produce consumption estimates much lower than those based on objective alcohol sales data. However, sales data have never been used to estimate regional consumption within Great Britain (GB). This ecological study uses alcohol retail sales data to provide novel insights into regional alcohol consumption in GB, and to explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality. Methods Alcohol sales estimates derived from electronic sales, delivery records and retail outlet sampling were obtained. The volume of pure alcohol sold was used to estimate per adult consumption, by market sector and drink type, across eleven GB regions in 2010–11. Alcohol-related mortality rates were calculated for the same regions and a cross-sectional correlation analysis between consumption and mortality was performed. Results Per adult consumption in northern England was above the GB average and characterised by high beer sales. A high level of consumption in South West England was driven by on-trade sales of cider and spirits and off-trade wine sales. Scottish regions had substantially higher spirits sales than elsewhere in GB, particularly through the off-trade. London had the lowest per adult consumption, attributable to lower off-trade sales across most drink types. Alcohol-related mortality was generally higher in regions with higher per adult consumption. The relationship was weakened by the South West and Central Scotland regions, which had the highest consumption levels, but discordantly low and very high alcohol-related mortality rates, respectively. Conclusions This study provides support for the ecological relationship between alcohol-related mortality and alcohol consumption. The synthesis of knowledge from a combination of sales, survey and mortality data, as well as primary research studies, is key to ensuring that regional alcohol consumption, and its relationship with alcohol-related harms, is better understood.
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            The psychology of transcending the here and now.

            People directly experience only themselves here and now but often consider, evaluate, and plan situations that are removed in time or space, that pertain to others' experiences, and that are hypothetical rather than real. People thus transcend the present and mentally traverse temporal distance, spatial distance, social distance, and hypotheticality. We argue that this is made possible by the human capacity for abstract processing of information. We review research showing that there is considerable similarity in the way people mentally traverse different distances, that the process of abstraction underlies traversing different distances, and that this process guides the way people predict, evaluate, and plan near and distant situations.
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              The Role of Affect and Worldviews as Orienting Dispositions in the Perception and Acceptance of Nuclear Power1

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                28 August 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 8
                : e0220658
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Politics and Philosophy, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
                [2 ] Department of Political Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
                [3 ] Independent Researcher, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
                [4 ] Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
                University of Campania, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-4535
                Article
                PONE-D-19-14250
                10.1371/journal.pone.0220658
                6713324
                31461443
                28216738-8c2e-428e-99f6-71e0850f42cd
                © 2019 Justwan et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 20 May 2019
                : 19 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health
                Award ID: P20GM104420
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, P20GM104420 to BB and the University of Idaho, College of Letters, Arts, and Social Sciences Undergraduate Collaborative Key Grant to FJ. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Preventive Medicine
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Measles
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Infectious Disease Control
                Vaccines
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Surveys
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Infectious Disease Control
                Vaccines
                Cholera Vaccines
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Human Geography
                Behavioral Geography
                Social Sciences
                Human Geography
                Behavioral Geography
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files ( S1 File and S2 File).

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