Reduced serum BDNF levels are associated with the increased risk for developing MDD: a case–control study with or without antidepressant therapy

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Abstract

Objective

We do not have any consistent markers for major depressive disorder (MDD) though various biological factors are involved in the pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in MDD patients with or without antidepressant therapy compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Results

We assessed serum BDNF levels among three groups: drug-naïve MDD patients (n = 41), drug-treated MDD patients (n = 44), and age-and sex-matched HCs (n = 82). Serum BDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Serum levels of BDNF were detected significantly lower in drug-naïve MDD patients compared to HCs. No significant alterations of serum BDNF levels between drug-treated patients and HCs were identified. Significant negative correlations between serum BDNF levels and Hamilton depression rating (Ham-D) scores were observed in both drug-naïve and drug-treated MDD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed good diagnostic value for serum BDNF levels in drug-naïve MDD patients with the area under the curve at 0.821. The present study suggests that low serum BDNF levels may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The reduced serum BDNF levels might be used as an early risk assessment marker for major depression.

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Most cited references 33

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Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in major depressed patients.

Félicien Karege, Guillaume Perret, Guido Bondolfi … (2002)

Recent findings with animal models have suggested a possible role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depression. We have therefore hypothesized that depression could be characterized by low levels of serum BDNF. Major depressed patients (15F + 15M) diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and healthy controls (15F + 15M) participated in the study. Serum BDNF was assayed with the ELISA method and the severity of depression was evaluated with Montgomery-Asberg-Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls: 22.6 +/- 3 and 26.5 +/- 7 ng/ml (t-test = 2.7; d.f. = 58; P < 0.01). They were negatively correlated to the MADRS scores (r = -0.55; P < 0.02). Female patients were more depressed and released less BDNF than men. Analysis of covariance (MADRS and gender as independent variable vs. BDNF as dependent variable) indicated that depression severity mainly accounted for the negative correlation. These results suggest that major depression is characterized by low serum BDNF levels and support the hypothesis of neurotrophic factor involvement in affective disorders.

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Alterations of serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depressed patients with or without antidepressants.

Eiji Shimizu, Kenji Hashimoto, Naoe Okamura … (2003)

Because researchers have reported that antidepressants increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the rat hippocampus, we investigated whether serum BDNF levels may be used as a putative biological marker for major depressive disorders (MDD). We measured serum BDNF in the following three groups: antidepressant-naive patients with MDD (n = 16), antidepressant-treated patients with MDD (n = 17), and normal control subjects (n = 50). Patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Serum BDNF was assayed with the sandwich ELISA method. We found that serum BDNF was significantly lower in the antidepressant-naive group (mean, 17.6 ng/mL; SD, 9.6) than in the treated (mean, 30.6 ng/mL; SD, 12.3; p =.001) or in the control group (mean, 27.7 ng/mL; SD, 11.4; p =.002). There was a significant negative correlation (r = -.350, z = -2.003, p =.045) between serum BDNF and HAM-D scores in all patients. In a preliminary examination, reduced BDNF values of three drug-naive patients recovered to basal levels after antidepressant treatment. Our study suggests that low BDNF levels may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of MDD and that antidepressants may increase BDNF in depressed patients.

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Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression.

Yvette Sheline, Milan Sanghavi, Mark Mintun … (1999)

This study takes advantage of continuing advances in the precision of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify hippocampal volumes in a series of human subjects with a history of depression compared with controls. We sought to test the hypothesis that both age and duration of past depression would be inversely and independently correlated with hippocampal volume. A sample of 24 women ranging in age from 23 to 86 years with a history of recurrent major depression, but no medical comorbidity, and 24 case-matched controls underwent MRI scanning. Subjects with a history of depression (post-depressed) had smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally than controls. Post-depressives also had smaller amygdala core nuclei volumes, and these volumes correlated with hippocampal volumes. In addition, post-depressives scored lower in verbal memory, a neuropsychological measure of hippocampal function, suggesting that the volume loss was related to an aspect of cognitive functioning. In contrast, there was no difference in overall brain size or general intellectual performance. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between hippocampal volume and age in either post-depressive or control subjects, whereas there was a significant correlation with total lifetime duration of depression. This suggests that repeated stress during recurrent depressive episodes may result in cumulative hippocampal injury as reflected in volume loss.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Md. Prova Zaman Emon: mpzemon011@gmail.com

Rajesh Das: rajeshdas4764@gmail.com

Nuruna Lovely Nishuty: nurunalovelynishuti@gmail.com

M. M. A. Shalahuddin Qusar: gongajolybiplob@yahoo.com

Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan: mohiuddin@uap-bd.edu

Md. Rabiul Islam:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144

robi.ayaan@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes

Title: BMC Research Notes

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500

Publication date (Electronic): 21 February 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 21 February 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 83

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.443051.7, Department of Pharmacy, , University of Asia Pacific, ; 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215 Bangladesh

[2 ]GRID grid.411509.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2034 9320, Department of Psychiatry, , Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, ; Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh

Author information

Md. Rabiul Islam http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3144

Article

Publisher ID: 4952

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04952-3

PMC ID: 7035767

PubMed ID: 32085720

SO-VID: ce08ce23-a5f8-4954-8231-bf4aec540e8d

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 8 February 2020

Date accepted : 11 February 2020

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: serum bdnf,major depressive disorder,mdd,case–control study,bangladesh

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: serum bdnf, major depressive disorder, mdd, case–control study, bangladesh

Reduced serum BDNF levels are associated with the increased risk for developing MDD: a case–control study with or without antidepressant therapy

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Most cited references 33

Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in major depressed patients.

Alterations of serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in depressed patients with or without antidepressants.

Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression.

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