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      Contribuição da fixação biológica de nitrogênio, fertilizante nitrogenado e nitrogênio do solo no desenvolvimento de feijão e caupi Translated title: Contribuition of nitrogen from biological nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fertilizer and soil nitrogen on the growth of the common bean and cowpea

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          Abstract

          A fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) constitui-se em uma valiosa fonte deste nutriente para o feijão comum e, sobretudo, para o feijão-caupi, tendo sua magnitude influenciada pela disponibilidade de N mineral na solução do solo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio, na forma de uréia, sobre a fixação simbiótica de N2 em feijão comum e caupi, pela técnica isotópica, e quantificar as contribuições relativas das fontes N2-fixação simbiótica, N-solo e N-uréia no desenvolvimento do feijão comum e caupi, usando como controle a soja não nodulante. O estudo foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos com 5 kg de terra, coletada de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x3x2 e três repetições. Os tratamentos compreenderam cinco doses de N, na forma de uréia: 2, 15, 30, 45 e 60 mg kg-1 de N; três épocas de amostragens de plantas: 23, 40 e 76 dias após a semeadura (DAS) e duas culturas: feijão comum e feijão caupi. A FBN decresceu com o incremento da dose de N, variando de 81,5% a 55,6% para o caupi e de 71,9% a 55,1% para o feijão comum. A FBN em caupi submetido à inoculação pode substituir totalmente a adubação nitrogenada, inclusive a dose de arranque. A absorção do N do solo não é influenciada pela dose de fertilizante nitrogenado. O aproveitamento do N do fertilizante, aos 76 DAS, foi, em média, de 60,7% pelo feijão comum e 57,1% pelo caupi. O feijão comum necessita de dose de arranque (40 kg ha-1 de N) para a obtenção de produtividade economicamente aceitável.

          Translated abstract

          Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) constitutes a valuable source of this nutrient for the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. and cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., being its avaibility affected by mineral N in the soil solution. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rate, as urea, on symbiotic fixation of N2 in common bean and cowpea plants, using the isotopic technique, and quantifying the relative contributions of N sources symbiotic N2 fixation, soil native nitrogen and urea N on the growth of the common bean and cowpea. Non nodulating soybean plants were used as standard. The research was carried out in greenhouse, using pots with 5 kg of soil from a Typic Haplustox (Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol). The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with 30 treatments and three replications, arranged in 5x3x2 factorial outline. The treatments consisted of five N rates: 2, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg N kg-1 soil; three sampling times: 23, 40 and 76 days after sowing (DAS) and two crops: common bean and cowpea. The BNF decreased with increase N rates, varying from 81.5% to 55.6% for cowpea, and from 71.9% to 55.1% for common bean. The symbiotic N2 fixation in cowpea can substitute totally the nitrogen fertilization. The nitrogen absorption from soil is not affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate. The N recovery from fertilizer at 76 DAS was of 60.7% by common bean, and 57.1% by cowpea. The symbiotic association in common bean needs the application of a starting dose (40 kg N ha-1) for economically acceptable yields.

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          Rhizobium tropici, a novel species nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans and Leucaena sp. trees.

          A new Rhizobium species that nodulates Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Leucaena spp. is proposed on the basis of the results of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, DNA-DNA hybridization, an analysis of ribosomal DNA organization, a sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, and an analysis of phenotypic characteristics. This taxon, Rhizobium tropici sp. nov., was previously named Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli (type II strains) and was recognized by its host range (which includes Leucaena spp.) and nif gene organization. In contrast to R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, R. tropici strains tolerate high temperatures and high levels of acidity in culture and are symbiotically more stable. We identified two subgroups within R. tropici and describe them in this paper.
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            Contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to cowpea: a strategy for improving grain yield in the semi-arid region of Brazil

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              The SAS-system for windows: release 6.11(software)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                brag
                Bragantia
                Bragantia
                Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Campinas )
                1678-4499
                2011
                : 70
                : 1
                : 206-215
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0006-87052011000100027
                10.1590/S0006-87052011000100027
                b6f605d9-3250-404b-a9d5-e737d371ab95

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0006-8705&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Vigna unguiculata,Phaseolus vulgaris,nitrogen-15,legume,N rate,15N,leguminosa,dose de nitrogênio

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