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      Exploring a public health approach to modern slavery: potential, problems and translating principles into practice

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          Abstract

          This reflective article was drafted in November 2020. Since this time, the authors have worked with the counter-slavery sector to co-develop a refined public health framework to address modern slavery (Such et al, 2021). Significant knowledge mobilisation has also occurred with a range of stakeholders, and the Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner has encouraged the UK Home Office and the Home Secretary to embed a public health approach within the UK’s response to modern slavery (IASC/Home Secretary, 2021). Key references and insights from research in 2021 are available as a collection.

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          A public health approach to understanding and preventing violent radicalization

          Kamaldeep Bhui, Madelyn Hicks, Myrna Lashley … (2012)
          Background Very recent acts of terrorism in the UK were perpetrated by 'homegrown', well educated young people, rather than by foreign Islamist groups; consequently, a process of violent radicalization was proposed to explain how ordinary people were recruited and persuaded to sacrifice their lives. Discussion Counterterrorism approaches grounded in the criminal justice system have not prevented violent radicalization. Indeed there is some evidence that these approaches may have encouraged membership of radical groups by not recognizing Muslim communities as allies, citizens, victims of terrorism, and victims of discrimination, but only as suspect communities who were then further alienated. Informed by public health research and practice, a new approach is proposed to target populations vulnerable to recruitment, rather than rely only on research of well known terrorist groups and individual perpetrators of terrorist acts. Conclusions This paper proposes public health research and practice to guard against violent radicalization.
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            The future of public health policymaking after COVID-19: a qualitative systematic review of lessons from Health in All Policies

            Paul Cairney, Emily St Denny, Heather Mitchell (2021)
            Background : ‘Health in All Policies’ (HIAP) describes the pursuit of health equity. It has five main elements: treat health as a human right; identify evidence of the ‘social determinants’ of health inequalities, recognise that most powers to affect health are not held by health departments, promote intersectoral policymaking and collaboration inside and outside of government, and generate political will. Studies describe its potential but bemoan a major implementation gap. Some HIAP scholars learn from policymaking research how to understand this gap, but the use of policy theories is patchy. In that context, our guiding research question is: How does HIAP research use policy theory to understand policymaking? It allows us to zoom-out to survey the field and zoom-in to identify: the assumed and actual causes of policy change, and transferable lessons to HIAP scholars and advocates. Methods:  Our qualitative systematic review (two phases, 2018 and 2020) identified 4972 HIAP articles. Of these, 113 journal articles (research and commentary) provide a non-trivial reference to policymaking (at least one reference to a policymaking concept). We use the 113 articles to produce a general HIAP narrative and explore how the relatively theory-informed articles enhance it. Results : Most articles focus on policy analysis (identifying policy problems and solutions) rather than policy theory (explaining policymaking dynamics). They report a disappointing gap between HIAP expectations and policy outcomes. Theory-informed articles contribute to a HIAP playbook to close that gap or a programme theory to design and evaluate HIAP in new ways.   Conclusions : Few HIAP articles use policy theories for their intended purpose. Policy theories provide lessons to aid critical reflection on power, political dilemmas, and policymaking context. HIAP scholars seek more instrumental lessons, potentially at the cost of effective advocacy and research.
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              The cost-effectiveness of public health interventions examined by NICE from 2011 to 2016

              Lesley Owen, Becky Pennington, Alastair Fischer … (2018)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Poverty and Social Justice
                Publisher: Bristol University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1759-8273
                ISSN (Electronic): 1759-8281
                Publication date Created: June 2022
                Publication date (Print): June 2022
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 141-150
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Office of the Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner, UK
                [2 ]Office of Health Improvement and Disparities and University College London, UK
                [3 ]University of Sheffield, UK
                Article
                DOI: 10.1332/175982721X16449406109455
                SO-VID: b83deea7-ab4d-4812-b34b-df64fa481402
                Copyright © © 2022
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