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      Tafonomía humana y lesiones traumáticas en colecciones de museos: Evaluación en cráneos del noreste de Patagonia Translated title: Human Taphonomy And Traumatic Injuries From Museum Collections: An Evaluation Of Skulls From Northeastern Patagonian

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          Abstract

          En este trabajo se comparan muestras de cráneos del Holoceno tardío procedentes de dos zonas del noreste de Patagonia: los valles inferiores de los ríos Negro (n= 208) y Chubut (n= 192). Se registraron y compararon frecuencias de variables tafonómicas y de marcas por posibles situaciones de violencia interpersonal. Se espera que la muestra que exhiba frecuencias más elevadas de variables postdepositacionales presente menor frecuencia de marcas por violencia ya que las primeras podrían enmascarar a las últimas. Los resultados indican que la muestra del valle del río Negro exhibe las frecuencias más elevadas tanto de variables postdepositacionales como así también de marcas por violencia. La interpretación de una mayor tasa de violencia en el valle del río Negro que en el de Chubut no parece verse afectada por la presencia diferencial de factores postdepositacionales. Por el contrario, la misma podría estar subestimada por la mayor destrucción que exhibe la primera muestra. En este trabajo, además, se manifiesta el valor que poseen las colecciones de restos óseos humanos depositadas en museos y la relevancia que conlleva la aplicación de criterios tafonómicos a las mismas.

          Translated abstract

          In this paper, collections of Late Holocene skulls from two zones of northeastern Patagonia, the lower valleys of the Negro (n= 208) and Chubut (n= 192) rivers are compared. Frequencies of taphonomic variables and marks of possible situations of interpersonal violence were recorded and compared. It is expected that the sample showing higher frequencies of post-depositional variables also presents lower violence marks because the former could obliterate the later. Results indicate that the sample from the lower valley of the Negro river presents higher frequencies of both taphonomic and violence variables. Interpretation of a higher ratio of events of violence in the Negro river valley does not seem to be affected by the differential presence of taphonomic factors. On the contrary, this could be an underestimation produced by the more intensive destruction that this sample shows. What is more, this paper shows the importance that museum collections have, and the relevance of the application of taphonomic criteria when studying them.

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          Most cited references79

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Vertebrate Taphonomy

            R. Lyman (1994)
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              Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during mediaeval time

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iant
                Intersecciones en antropología
                Intersecciones antropol.
                Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (Olavarría )
                1850-373X
                June 2009
                : 10
                : 1
                : 27-41
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina
                Article
                S1850-373X2009000100003
                2085fba4-49be-4d09-8c6b-54563974ad8b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1850-373X&lng=en
                Categories
                ANTHROPOLOGY
                ARCHAEOLOGY

                Archaeology,Anthropology
                Violencia interpersonal,Noreste de Patagonia,Colecciones de museos,Human taphonomy,Interpersonal violence,Northeastern Patagonia,Museum's collections,Tafonomía humana

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