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      Nueva evidencia de un esqueleto humano del Holoceno temprano procedente de Tláhuac Translated title: New Evidence of an Early Holocene Human Skeleton located in Tlahuac

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer un hallazgo de restos humanos del llamado periodo precerámico, ocurrido de forma accidental al sur de la cuenca de México, en el poblado de Tláhuac de la Ciudad de México. Son los restos de un esqueleto casi completo, aunque en estado multifragmentado, a excepción del cráneo. El análisis osteológico indica que se trata de un individuo adulto joven de sexo femenino, al que hemos denominado la Mujer de Tláhuac. Su edad radiocarbónica se estimó en 8330 + 40 años BP (95.4%, 9465-9260 cal BP); fechamiento que corresponde al de algunos restos considerados “paleoamericanos”. Exploramos la variación del patrón morfológico craneofacial de la mujer Tláhuac aplicando análisis de componentes principales (PCA) comparativamente con otros especímenes de México, Brasil y Estados Unidos que datan del Pleistoceno tardío al Holoceno medio. Sin embargo, a pesar de su cronología, este ejemplar difiere del grado morfológico predominante a fines del Pleistoceno y se asemeja más a la población nativa americana moderna.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of this work is to present a recent discovery of human remains from the so-called preceramic period, which occurred accidentally in the south of the basin of Mexico, in the town of Tlahuac in Mexico City. They are the remains of an almost complete skeleton, although in a multi-fragmented state, except for the skull. The osteological analysis indicates that it is a young adult female individual, whom we have called the Woman of Tlahuac. Its radiocarbon age was estimated at 8330 +/- 40 years BP (95.4%, 9465 - 9260 cal BP); dating corresponding to that of some remains considered “Paleoamericans”. We explored the variation of the craniofacial morphological pattern of the Tlahuac woman by applying principal component analysis (PCA) comparatively to other specimens from Mexico, Brazil and the United States which date from the late Pleistocene to the middle Holocene. However, despite its chronology, this specimen differs from the predominant morphological cline in the late Pleistocene and more closely resembles the modern Native American population.

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          Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders

          Native Americans derive from a small number of Asian founders who likely arrived to the Americas via Beringia. However, additional details about the intial colonization of the Americas remain unclear. To investigate the pioneering phase in the Americas we analyzed a total of 623 complete mtDNAs from the Americas and Asia, including 20 new complete mtDNAs from the Americas and seven from Asia. This sequence data was used to direct high-resolution genotyping from 20 American and 26 Asian populations. Here we describe more genetic diversity within the founder population than was previously reported. The newly resolved phylogenetic structure suggests that ancestors of Native Americans paused when they reached Beringia, during which time New World founder lineages differentiated from their Asian sister-clades. This pause in movement was followed by a swift migration southward that distributed the founder types all the way to South America. The data also suggest more recent bi-directional gene flow between Siberia and the North American Arctic.
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            Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: A comparison of the Acsádi-Nemeskéri and Suchey-Brooks methods

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              Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death.

              A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death based upon chronological changes in the auricular surface of the ilium is presented. Formal stages have been constructed following extensive tests and refinements in observations made of such changes. Two completely "blind" tests were conducted to assess the accuracy and bias of the new method. Results show that the system is equally accurate to pubic symphyseal aging (although somewhat more difficult to apply), and also carries the advantages of a higher preservation rate for the auricular surface in archaeological populations and continued age-related change beyond the fifth decade.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aa
                Anales de antropología
                An. antropol.
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0185-1225
                2448-6221
                December 2021
                : 55
                : 2
                : 221-235
                Affiliations
                [3] CDMX orgnameInstituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Mexico
                [2] CDMX orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales Mexico
                [1] CDMX orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas Mexico
                Article
                S2448-62212021000200221 S2448-6221(21)05500200221
                10.22201/iia.24486221e.2021.77832
                fb36fd27-a64b-419c-8718-10776fb82fbc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 December 2020
                : 01 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 76, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                restos humanos precerámicos,American prehistory,early settlement,cranial facial morphology,preceramic human remains,prehistoria americana,poblamiento temprano,morfología cráneo facial

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