Eggshell apex abnormalities caused by two different Mycoplasma synoviae genotypes and evaluation of eggshell anomalies by full-field optical coherence tomography.

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Abstract

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important poultry pathogen worldwide. This bacterium may cause eggshell changes including an altered shell surface, thinning, and increased translucency in different areas, which leads to a greater incidence of eggshell cracks and breaks. In the present study the association between experimental infection of birds with two field strains of MS from different genotypes and the production of abnormal eggs is described. The analysis of those eggshells using a full-field optical coherence tomography (FF OCT) scanner is also reported.

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Most cited references 19

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Induction of eggshell apex abnormalities by Mycoplasma synoviae: field and experimental studies.

A Feberwee, J J de Wit, W Landman (2009)

A novel eggshell pathology, characterized by an altered shell surface, thinning, increased translucency, and cracks and breaks in the eggshell apex, has become increasingly common in layer flocks of various breeds in The Netherlands. Two field studies found an association between the eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA) and infection with Mycoplasma synoviae. M. synoviae was isolated from the oviduct of birds that produced abnormal eggs, but not from birds in control flocks, although both affected and control birds had agglutinating antibodies against M. synoviae. After a single injection with long-acting oxytetracycline, the production of abnormal eggs ceased, but then reoccurred about 12 days later. A causal relationship between EAA and M. synoviae infection was subsequently demonstrated experimentally. EAA occurred after intratracheal inoculation of birds with M. synoviae, and even more frequently in birds infected with infectious bronchitis virus 5 days before inoculation of M. synoviae. EAA also occurred, although less frequently, in birds inoculated intravenously with M. synoviae and infected with infectious bronchitis virus. EAA did not occur in birds only inoculated intravenously with M. synoviae. M. synoviae was only isolated from the oviducts of birds producing abnormal eggs. The mean daily egg production was reduced in all groups infected with M. synoviae. Examination of the eggshells by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mammillary layer of the calcified zone was absent and that the inner eggshell membranes were thicker. Isolates of M. synoviae from the oviducts of birds from farms producing abnormal eggs were examined by amplified fragment-length polymorphism analysis and did not appear to be clonal.

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Mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease.

S.H. Kleven (1998)

The avian mycoplasmas pathogenic for commercial poultry, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens and turkeys, and Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma iowae in turkeys are egg-transmitted infections and exhibit wide variations in clinical manifestations. Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains vary widely in virulence, tissue tropism, and antigenic makeup and have the ability to alter the expression of major surface antigenic proteins. Although less well studied, strains of M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, and M. iowae appear to exhibit similar variability. Intraspecies variability among mycoplasma strains and their ability to interact with other disease-producing factors explain the wide variability of clinical manifestations, difficulties in diagnosis, their ability to persist within the host for long periods of time, and many of the difficulties involved in control and eradication programs. Mycoplasmas are also well known for their interactions with other infectious agents and environmental factors in producing clinical disease. Control of the clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma infections is simplified when concurrent infections are minimized and optimum environmental conditions are provided.

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A medium for the isolation of avian mycoplasmas.

Maureen R. Hanson, D Andrson, Brigitte M. Frey (1968)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Vet Res

Title: BMC veterinary research

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

ISSN (Electronic): 1746-6148

ISSN (Print): 1746-6148

Publication date (Electronic): Jan 03 2019

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland. olimpia.kursa@piwet.pulawy.pl.

[2 ] Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Faculty of Mechatronics, Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. A. Boboli 8, 02-525, Warsaw, Poland.

[3 ] Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.

Article

Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12917-018-1758-8

DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1758-8

PMC ID: 6318842

PubMed ID: 30606179

SO-VID: 10161ab4-93e0-4821-be16-0d0ac804d7c5

History

Keywords: Apex eggshell abnormalities,EAA,Full-field optical coherence tomography,Mycoplasma synoviae,Poultry

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Keywords: Apex eggshell abnormalities, EAA, Full-field optical coherence tomography, Mycoplasma synoviae, Poultry

Eggshell apex abnormalities caused by two different Mycoplasma synoviae genotypes and evaluation of eggshell anomalies by full-field optical coherence tomography.

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Most cited references 19

Induction of eggshell apex abnormalities by Mycoplasma synoviae: field and experimental studies.

Mycoplasmas in the etiology of multifactorial respiratory disease.

A medium for the isolation of avian mycoplasmas.

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