ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae

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Abstract

The family Paramyxoviridae consists of large enveloped RNA viruses infecting mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. Many paramyxoviruses are host-specific and several, such as measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus and several parainfluenza viruses, are pathogenic for humans. The transmission of paramyxoviruses is horizontal, mainly through airborne routes; no vectors are known. This is a summary of the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Paramyxoviridae. which is available at ictv.global/report/paramyxoviridae.

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Zoonotic Potential of Emerging Paramyxoviruses: Knowns and Unknowns.

Patricia Thibault, Ruth Watkinson, Andrés Moreira-Soto … (2017)

The risk of spillover of enzootic paramyxoviruses and the susceptibility of recipient human and domestic animal populations are defined by a broad collection of ecological and molecular factors that interact in ways that are not yet fully understood. Nipah and Hendra viruses were the first highly lethal zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered in modern times, but other paramyxoviruses from multiple genera are present in bats and other reservoirs that have unknown potential to spillover into humans. We outline our current understanding of paramyxovirus reservoir hosts and the ecological factors that may drive spillover, and we explore the molecular barriers to spillover that emergent paramyxoviruses may encounter. By outlining what is known about enzootic paramyxovirus receptor usage, mechanisms of innate immune evasion, and other host-specific interactions, we highlight the breadth of unexplored avenues that may be important in understanding paramyxovirus emergence.

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Problems of classification in the family Paramyxoviridae.

Bert K. Rima, Peter Collins, Andrew Easton … (2018)

A number of unassigned viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae need to be classified either as a new genus or placed into one of the seven genera currently recognized in this family. Furthermore, numerous new paramyxoviruses continue to be discovered. However, attempts at classification have highlighted the difficulties that arise by applying historic criteria or criteria based on sequence alone to the classification of the viruses in this family. While the recent taxonomic change that elevated the previous subfamily Pneumovirinae into a separate family Pneumoviridae is readily justified on the basis of RNA dependent -RNA polymerase (RdRp or L protein) sequence motifs, using RdRp sequence comparisons for assignment to lower level taxa raises problems that would require an overhaul of the current criteria for assignment into genera in the family Paramyxoviridae. Arbitrary cut off points to delineate genera and species would have to be set if classification was based on the amino acid sequence of the RdRp alone or on pairwise analysis of sequence complementarity (PASC) of all open reading frames (ORFs). While these cut-offs cannot be made consistent with the current classification in this family, resorting to genus-level demarcation criteria with additional input from the biological context may afford a way forward. Such criteria would reflect the increasingly dynamic nature of virus taxonomy even if it would require a complete revision of the current classification.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Journal of General Virology

Publisher: Microbiology Society

ISSN (Print): 0022-1317

ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099

Publication date Created: December 01 2019

Publication date (Print): December 01 2019

Volume: 100

Issue: 12

Pages: 1593-1594

Affiliations

[1 ] Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

[2 ] Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany

[3 ] Animal Production and Health Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency Laboratories Seibersdorf, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria

[4 ] Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA

[5 ] School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

[6 ] Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

[7 ] US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

[8 ] Department of Molecular Biosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

[9 ] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA

[10 ] National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

[11 ] Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore

Article

DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001328

SO-VID: 6bc2e924-69c3-4714-90f0-fdab8a519cef

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