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      Development of empathy through social emotional artificial intelligence Translated title: Desarrollo de la empatía a través de la inteligencia artificial socioemocional

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          Abstract

          Abstract It is expected that in the near future robots will be increasingly involved in social roles, however, understanding how students learn empathic skills, and how technology can support this process, is an important but under-researched area in artificial intelligence. This paper analyzes the factors that contribute to the development of empathy from early childhood and the variables of robotic empathy that could help promote this learning. It has been found that social emotional artificial intelligence (SEAI) has already successfully implemented some of the human mechanisms of empathy that are present during the first years of life. The current state of SEAI research is far from achieving full empathic capacity, but it can provide useful tools to promote empathic skills-the basis of social cooperation and ethical and prosocial behavior-from childhood.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Se prevé que en un futuro próximo los robots estarán cada vez más involucrados en roles sociales, sin embargo, comprender cómo los estudiantes aprenden habilidades empáticas, y cómo la tecnología puede respaldar este proceso, es un área importante pero poco investigada. Este trabajo analiza los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la empatía desde la infancia temprana y las variables de la empatía robótica que podrían ayudar a favorecer este aprendizaje. Se ha encontrado que la inteligencia artificial socioemocional (IAS) ya ha logrado implementar con éxito algunos de los mecanismos humanos de la empatía que están presentes durante los primeros años de vida. El estado actual de la investigación en IAS está lejos de lograr una capacidad empática completa, pero puede aportar herramientas útiles para fomentar habilidades empáticas desde la infancia.

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          Most cited references34

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          Mammalian empathy: behavioural manifestations and neural basis

          Empathy is a characteristic of all mammals that ranges from being sensitive to another's emotions to adopting their perspective. In this Review, de Waal and Preston discuss current hypotheses concerning how the emotional states of others are understood in a variety of species.
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            Socialization between toddlers and robots at an early childhood education center.

            A state-of-the-art social robot was immersed in a classroom of toddlers for >5 months. The quality of the interaction between children and robots improved steadily for 27 sessions, quickly deteriorated for 15 sessions when the robot was reprogrammed to behave in a predictable manner, and improved in the last three sessions when the robot displayed again its full behavioral repertoire. Initially, the children treated the robot very differently than the way they treated each other. By the last sessions, 5 months later, they treated the robot as a peer rather than as a toy. Results indicate that current robot technology is surprisingly close to achieving autonomous bonding and socialization with human toddlers for sustained periods of time and that it could have great potential in educational settings assisting teachers and enriching the classroom environment.
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              "Robovie, you'll have to go into the closet now": children's social and moral relationships with a humanoid robot.

              Children will increasingly come of age with personified robots and potentially form social and even moral relationships with them. What will such relationships look like? To address this question, 90 children (9-, 12-, and 15-year-olds) initially interacted with a humanoid robot, Robovie, in 15-min sessions. Each session ended when an experimenter interrupted Robovie's turn at a game and, against Robovie's stated objections, put Robovie into a closet. Each child was then engaged in a 50-min structural-developmental interview. Results showed that during the interaction sessions, all of the children engaged in physical and verbal social behaviors with Robovie. The interview data showed that the majority of children believed that Robovie had mental states (e.g., was intelligent and had feelings) and was a social being (e.g., could be a friend, offer comfort, and be trusted with secrets). In terms of Robovie's moral standing, children believed that Robovie deserved fair treatment and should not be harmed psychologically but did not believe that Robovie was entitled to its own liberty (Robovie could be bought and sold) or civil rights (in terms of voting rights and deserving compensation for work performed). Developmentally, while more than half the 15-year-olds conceptualized Robovie as a mental, social, and partly moral other, they did so to a lesser degree than the 9- and 12-year-olds. Discussion focuses on how (a) children's social and moral relationships with future personified robots may well be substantial and meaningful and (b) personified robots of the future may emerge as a unique ontological category. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                December 2022
                : 43
                : 3
                : 218-224
                Affiliations
                [1] La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja Spain
                Article
                S0214-78232022000300005 S0214-7823(22)04300300005
                10.23923/pap.psicol.2996
                1697b077-3749-4e11-bd86-4a36ffbc4526

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2022
                : 06 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                Robotics,Emotional education,Social interaction,Empathy,Intervención educativa,Educación emocional,Robótica,Interacción social,Empatía,Educational intervention

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