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      Which factors influence mobility change during COVID‐19 in Germany? Evidence from German county data

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          Abstract

          This study analyzes the role of regional demographic, socioeconomic, and political factors in mobility changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Spatial econometric models are applied using data from the 401 counties in Germany. The model incorporates measures to reduce potential endogeneity effects. Our results show that mobility change shows significant socioeconomic heterogeneity, which could affect future policy measures to contain the pandemic. For example, case numbers and the share of academics are negatively associated with changes in mobility. On the contrary, a region's mean age and rural location have a positive impact. Political and economic implications of the results are discussed. The findings point to a possible reorganization of spatial, economic, and social activities beyond the course of the pandemic.

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          COVID-19 lockdown induces disease-mitigating structural changes in mobility networks

          Frank Schlosser, Benjamin F. Maier, Olivia Jack … (2020)
          Significance During the COVID-19 pandemic, mobility restrictions have proved to be an effective mitigation strategy in many countries. To apply these measures more efficiently in the future, it is important to understand their effects in detail. In this study, we use mobile phone data to uncover profound structural changes in mobility in Germany during the pandemic. We find that a strong reduction of long-distance travel rendered mobility to be more local, such that distant parts of the country became less connected. We demonstrate that due to this loss of connectivity, infectious diseases can be slowed down in their spatial spread. Our study provides important insights into the complex effects of mobility restrictions for policymakers and future research.
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            Estimating and Projecting Air Passenger Traffic during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak and its Socio-Economic Impact

            Stefano Iacus, Fabrizio Natale, Carlos Santamaría … (2020)
            Highlights • This work estimates different scenarios of air passengers loss due to the Covid-19 pandemia. • This work estimates the impact on aviation contraction on GDP growth and jobs losses worldwide and in EU27. • It is observed that in the first quarter of 2020, in most favorable scenarios about 0.02% to 0.12% of the world GDP (0.02% to 0.13% for EU27) could have been lost and, in the worst case scenarios, these number raise between 1.41% and 1.67% (respectively, 1.66% and 1.98% for EU27) for the whole year 2020. • Under the hypothesized scenarios the number of potential jobs lost in the aviation sector (direct and indirect) in the first Quarter of 2020, may vary between 310,000 and 2.21 million in most favorable scenarios (resp. 40,000 to 330,000 for the EU27), and between 25.68 and 30.31 million of units in 2020 (respectively, 4.19 and 5 for the EU27). • The results show that air traffic follows dynamics that appear to be geographically correlated to the spreading of the COVID-19 outbreak to different parts of the world. • According to our estimates, during the week 19-25 March the traffic had dropped globally by 52% compared to the traffic during the week 31 January-5 February. EU27 was the region worst affected by the decline in activity (down 65%).
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              Transport mode use during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Germany: The car became more important, public transport lost ground

              Christine Eisenmann, Claudia Nobis, Viktoriya Kolarova … (2021)
              As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, in spring 2020 numerous protective measures were taken in Germany and all over the world. This has changed our everyday life and our mobility considerably. It is in question whether and how the pandemic and the lockdown have impacted transport mode use, attitudes towards transport modes and the ownership of individual mobility options during the lockdown period. In order to shed light on these essential aspects of transport policy, we carried out a representative travel survey in Germany during the strictest period of lockdown in the beginning of April. We have analysed overall and individual changes in transport mode usage and attitudes towards transport modes, focussing on the bicycle, the car and public transport. Also, the changes in the perception of individual mobility options with a focus on car-free households were investigated. Our results indicate that public transport lost ground during the particularly restricted period of lockdown while individual modes of transport, especially the private car, became more important. Our findings are highly relevant for transport policy when developing measures for expanding the possibilities for sustainable individual transport and developing concepts that strengthen public transport. These aspects are key for achieving a sustainable transport system in the medium- and long-term despite the coronavirus pandemic.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Andree Ehlert: aehlert@hs-harz.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1757-7802
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RSP3
                Title: Regional Science Policy & Practice
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1757-7802
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 May 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 May 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1111/rsp3.12537
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Faculty of Business Studies Harz University of Applied Science Germany
                [ 2 ] Research Area ‘Economics of cities and regions Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI) Germany
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Andree Ehlert, Faculty of Business Studies, Harz University of Applied Science, Germany

                Email: aehlert@ 123456hs-harz.de

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-9926
                Article
                Publisher ID: RSP312537
                DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12537
                PMC ID: 9115493
                SO-VID: 95255043-adc1-4399-b708-9525d7ca9943
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Regional Science Policy & Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Regional Science Association International.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 28 February 2022
                Date received : 22 July 2021
                Date accepted : 14 April 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Pages: 19, Words: 10737
                Categories
                Subject: Classification
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                edited-state corrected-proof
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.6 mode:remove_FC converted:18.05.2022

                Keywords: county data,covid‐19 pandemic,mobility,regional interaction,spatial econometrics
                Data availability:
                Keywords: county data, covid‐19 pandemic, mobility, regional interaction, spatial econometrics

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