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      Do different means of recording sexual orientation affect its relationship with health and wellbeing?

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          Abstract

          Analyses of an individual's sexual orientation over time are desirable for policy evaluations and in estimating causal effects. We explore whether accounting for those who change sexual orientation over two time points, to create a measure of fluidity, produces substantially different results compared to sexual orientation measured at one time point and extrapolated to subsequent survey waves. We use seven waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study which asked sexual orientation identity questions at two time points: waves three (2011-2013) and nine (2017-2019). Using the relationship with sexual orientation and various health outcomes as an empirical example, via a correlated random effects estimation approach, we find that the infrequent reporting of sexual orientation could over-estimate the negative impact for lesbian, gay and "other" individuals and under-estimate the negative impact for bisexuals. We further test the feasibility of the fluidity measure by examining attrition by sexual orientation identity and find small but statistically significant probabilities of attrition. Correction for attrition bias through inverse probability weighting makes little difference to the results. These results highlight the importance of accounting for changes in sexual orientation in empirical analysis and that doing so is feasible.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Health Econ
          Health economics
          Wiley
          1099-1050
          1057-9230
          Dec 2021
          : 30
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
          Article
          10.1002/hec.4422
          34532922
          a4568792-c2e7-4b55-a58a-295a446b4278
          History

          health,sexual minorities,sexual orientation,wellbeing,UKHLS
          health, sexual minorities, sexual orientation, wellbeing, UKHLS

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