198
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    8
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitafloxacin in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections

      Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
      Springer Nature America, Inc

      Read this article at

          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Related collections

          Most cited references13

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine

          A formula has been developed to predict creatinine clearance (C cr ) from serum creatinine (S cr ) in adult males: Ccr = (140 – age) (wt kg)/72 × S cr (mg/100ml) (15% less in females). Derivation included the relationship found between age and 24-hour creatinine excretion/kg in 249 patients aged 18–92. Values for C cr were predicted by this formula and four other methods and the results compared with the means of two 24-hour C cr’s measured in 236 patients. The above formula gave a correlation coefficient between predicted and mean measured Ccr·s of 0.83; on average, the difference between predicted and mean measured values was no greater than that between paired clearances. Factors for age and body weight must be included for reasonable prediction.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Animal model pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a critical review.

            Animals have been extensively used in the evaluation of antimicrobials. The value of animals in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of antimicrobials is critically reviewed. Animal studies have demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target determining efficacy can vary for different classes of antimicrobials. However, the magnitude of the target required for bacteriological efficacy is relatively similar for various sites of infection, various pathogens and various drugs within the same class, provided free drug levels are used.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Pharmacokinetics in older persons.

              Physiologic changes and disease-related alterations in organ function occur with aging. These changes can affect drug pharmacokinetics in older persons. This article reviews age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and their clinical relevance. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms elderly and pharmacokinetics. Other reviews were also included for literature searching. The review includes literature in particular from 1990 through April 2004. Some articles from before 1990 were included to help illustrate principles of age-related pharmacokinetics. There are minor changes in drug absorption with aging. The effect of aging on small-bowel transporter systems is not yet fully established. Bioavailability of highly extracted drugs often is increased with age. Transdermal absorption may be delayed, especially in the case of water-soluble compounds. Fat-soluble drugs may distribute more widely and water-soluble drugs less extensively in older persons. Hepatic drug metabolism shows wide interindividual variation, and in many cases, there is an age-related decline in elimination of metabolized drugs, particularly those eliminated by the cytochrome enzyme system. Any decrement in cytochrome enzyme metabolism appears nonselective. Synthetic conjugation metabolism is less affected by age. Pseudocapillarization of the sinusoidal endothelium in the liver, restricting oxygen diffusion, and the decline in liver size and liver blood flow may influence age-related changes in rate of hepatic metabolism. Frailty, physiological stress, and illness are important predictors of drug metabolism in older individuals. Inhibition of drug metabolism is not altered with aging, but induction is reduced in a minority of studies. Renal drug elimination typically declines with age, commensurate with the fall in creatinine clearance. Renal tubular organic acid transport may decline with age, while the function of the organic base transporter is preserved but may be less responsive to stimulation. Changes in pharmacokinetics occur due to age-related physiologic perturbations. These changes contribute to altered dose requirements in older persons, particularly in the case of drugs eliminated by the kidney. Interindividual variation, disease, frailty, and stress may overshadow age-related changes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                10.1007/s10156-013-0580-2
                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0

                Comments

                Comment on this article