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      Biomedical Compounds from Marine organisms

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          Abstract

          The Ocean, which is called the ‘mother of origin of life’, is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. Several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), arthritis, etc., while other compounds have been developed as analgesics or to treat inflammation, etc. The life-saving drugs are mainly found abundantly in microorganisms, algae and invertebrates, while they are scarce in vertebrates. Modern technologies have opened vast areas of research for the extraction of biomedical compounds from oceans and seas.

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          Most cited references273

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          Drugs from the deep: marine natural products as drug candidates.

          In recent years, marine natural product bioprospecting has yielded a considerable number of drug candidates. Most of these molecules are still in preclinical or early clinical development but some are already on the market, such as cytarabine, or are predicted to be approved soon, such as ET743 (Yondelis). Research into the ecology of marine natural products has shown that many of these compounds function as chemical weapons and have evolved into highly potent inhibitors of physiological processes in the prey, predators or competitors of the marine organisms that use them. Some of the natural products isolated from marine invertebrates have been shown to be, or are suspected to be, of microbial origin and this is now thought to be the case for the majority of such molecules. Marine microorganisms, whose immense genetic and biochemical diversity is only beginning to be appreciated, look likely to become a rich source of novel chemical entities for the discovery of more effective drugs.
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            Marine natural products.

            This review covers the marine natural products literature for the year 2000 and is organized phylogenetically, with sections on marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates. echinoderms and miscellaneous marine organisms. There is an emphasis on new structures, stressing their biological activities, source organisms and countries of origin, and also syntheses that confirm the structures of known compounds. The review contains 869 structures and 592 references, of which 434 appeared between January and December 2000.
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              Strategies for discovering drugs from previously unexplored natural products.

              Natural products are the most consistently successful source of drug leads. Despite this, their use in drug discovery has fallen out of favour. Natural products continue to provide greater structural diversity than standard combinatorial chemistry and so they offer major opportunities for finding novel low molecular weight lead structures that are active against a wide range of assay targets. As less than 10% of the world's biodiversity has been tested for biological activity, many more useful natural lead compounds are awaiting discovery. The challenge is how to access this natural chemical diversity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mar Drugs
                Mar Drugs
                MD
                Marine Drugs
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1660-3397
                September 2004
                25 August 2004
                : 2
                : 3
                : 123-146
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ph. D. scholar, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou-310029, P. R. of China, Tel. (+86) 571-86091821, Fax. (+86) 571-86091820
                [2 ]Director, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou-310029, P.R. of China
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed: e-mail: jha_fish@ 123456yahoo.co.in , rajeev@ 123456zju.edu.cn
                Article
                marinedrugs-02-00123
                3783866
                f6ea76dd-07ca-4395-b4db-62d751959f0e
                © 2004 by MDPI

                Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.

                History
                : 17 May 2004
                : 01 August 2004
                Categories
                Review

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                biomedical compounds,ocean,anti-hiv metabolite,anti-cancer metabolite

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