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      Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas: preliminary evaluation of consecutive cases✩,✩✩

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          Resumo

          Introduçáo

          A cirurgia endoscópica endonasal ganhou aceitação crescente por otorrinolaringologistas e neurocirurgiões. Em muitos centros, esta tecnica é agora rotineiramente utilizada para as mesmas indicações que a técnica microcirúrgica convencional.

          Objetivo

          Descrever resultados cirúrgicos relativos à remissão hormonal, ressecção do tumor e complicações de série consecutiva de pacientes com adenoma da hipófise submetidos à ressecção endoscópica.

          Método

          Estudo de série de pacientes consecutivos com adenomas da hipófise, submetidos à cirurgia endoscópica endonasal, avaliados quanto à taxa de tumor residual, remissão funcional, sintomas, complicações e o tamanho do tumor.

          Resultados

          De 47 pacientes consecutivos, 17 eram portadores de adenomas funcionantes, sete produtores de GH, cinco com doença de Cushing e cinco prolactinomas. Dos adenomas funcionantes, 12 foram macroadenomas, cinco microadenomas, e 30 macroadenomas não funcionantes. Dos adenomas funcionantes, 87% melhoraram. Em relação ao déficit visual, 85% melhoraram ao longo do tempo. A maioria dos pacientes que apresentou queixas de cefaléia melhorou (76%). Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 10% dos pacientes, com duas lesões da carótida, duas fístulas liquóricas e uma fatalidade em um paciente com um histórico complicado.

          Conclusão

          A cirurgia hipofisária endoscópica endonasal é uma técnica viável, rendendo bons resultados cirúrgicos e funcionais e baixa morbidade.

          © 2014 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. Todos os direitos reservados.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery has gained increasing acceptance by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. In many centers throughout the world, this technique is now routinely used for the same indications as conventional microsurgical technique for pituitary tumors.

          Objective

          To present a surgical experience of consecutive endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal resections of pituitary adenomas.

          Methods

          In this study, consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas submitted to endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery were evaluated regarding the rate of residual tumor, functional remission, symptoms relief, complications, and tumor size.

          Results

          Forty-seven consecutive patients were evaluated; 17 had functioning adenomas, seven had GH producing tumors, five had Cushing’s disease, and five had prolactinomas. Of the functioning adenomas, 12 were macroadenomas and five were microadenomas; 30 cases were non-functioning macroadenomas. Of the patients with functioning adenomas, 87% improved. 85% of the patients with visual deficits related to optic nerve compression progressed over time. Most of the patients with complaints of headaches improved (76%). Surgical complications occurred in 10% of patients, which included with two carotid lesions, two cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and one death of a patient with a previous history of complications.

          Conclusion

          Endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery is a feasible technique, yielding good surgical and functional outcomes, and low morbidity

          © 2014 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

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          Most cited references66

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          Pure endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary adenomas: early surgical results in 200 patients and comparison with previous microsurgical series.

          The aim of this study was to report the results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing pituitary surgery using a pure endoscopic endonasal approach and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. We reviewed 200 consecutive patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent purely endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of their lesions. The patients' clinical outcomes, including remission rates, degrees of tumor removal, and complications, were evaluated and compared with a previous microscopic series. There were 111 nonfunctioning adenomas and 34 growth hormone-secreting, 27 adrenocorticotropin hormone-secreting, 25 prolactin-secreting, and 3 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas. The degree of gross total removal for tumors with suprasellar or parasellar extension and without cavernous sinus involvement was 96% and for intrasellar lesions was 98%. After a median follow-up period of 19 months, the remission results for patients with functioning adenomas were 71% for growth hormone-secreting, 81% for adrenocorticotropin hormone-secreting, and 88% for prolactin-secreting adenomas, with no recurrence at the time of the last follow-up. This compares with similar results reported from series using a standard microsurgical approach (growth hormone-secreting adenomas, 67%; adrenocorticotropin hormone-secreting adenomas, 78%; and prolactin-secreting adenomas, 62%). Endoscopic surgery for recurrent or residual nonfunctioning adenomas that had been previously treated using a microscopic approach revealed in the majority of cases a more limited exposure during the initial surgery, frequently with incomplete tumor removal. Complication rates have been low, and the average length of hospital stay was reduced. A purely endoscopic approach for pituitary adenoma treatment is a safe and effective alternative to the traditional microscopic procedure. Although our results reveal excellent tumor-removal rates, comparable remission rates in functioning tumors, and a very low rate of complications, additional studies with longer follow-up periods are required to confirm whether this approach should be considered the preferred procedure for pituitary surgery.
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            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Surgical complications associated with the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas.

            To assess postoperative complications related to the surgical procedure, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a series of 146 consecutively treated patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region for resection of pituitary adenomas between January 1997 and July 2001. Complications were divided into groups (nasofacial, sphenoid sinus, sella turcica, supra or parasellar, and endocrine complications) according to the anatomical structures and the systems involved. Overall, a decreased incidence of complications has been observed, compared with large historical series of the traditional microsurgical transsphenoidal approach, likely because of the overview inside the anatomy facilitated by the endoscope, and the decreased surgical trauma. Transsphenoidal surgery, either microscopic or endoscopic, is a safe procedure in experienced hands, but serious complications still occur and must be reduced as much as possible. Additional improvement can be expected with greater experience and new technical developments. A coordinated team effort with other dedicated colleagues from different specialties is advised.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Surgery on the pituitary gland is increasingly being performed through an endoscopic approach. However, there is little published data on its safety and relative advantages over traditional microscope-based approaches. Published reports are limited by small sample size and nonrandomized study design. A meta-analysis allows for a description of the impact of endoscopic surgery on short-term outcomes. The authors performed retrospective review of data from their institution as well as a systematic review of the literature. The pooled data were analyzed for descriptive statistics on short-term outcomes. Nine studies (821 patients) met inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled rate of gross tumor removal was 78% (95% CI 67-89%). Hormone resolution was achieved in 81% (95% CI 71-91%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumors, 84% (95% CI 76-92%) of growth hormone secreting tumors, and 82% (95% CI 70-94%) of prolactin secreting tumors. The pooled complication rates were 2% (95% CI 0-4%) for CSF leak and 1% (95% CI 0-2%) for permanent diabetes insipidus. There were 2 deaths reported in the literature that were both related to vascular injury, giving an overall mortality rate of 0.24%. The results of this meta-analysis support the safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine tumor control.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                10 July 2014
                Mar-Apr 2014
                10 July 2014
                : 80
                : 2
                : 146-151
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [b ]Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Centro Medico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [c ]Department of Endocrinology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [d ]Department of Surgical Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [e ]Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Centro Médico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [f ]Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author carloschone@ 123456uol.com.br
                Article
                S1808-8694(14)50040-7
                10.5935/1808-8694.20140030
                9443971
                24830973
                53efe647-d779-47b8-8734-f7a816e12e51
                © 2014 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

                History
                : 21 June 2013
                : 10 November 2013
                Categories
                Original article

                pituitary neoplasms,natural orifice endoscopic surgery,pituitary gland,video-assisted surgery,sella turcica,neoplasias hipofisárias,cirurgia endoscópica por orifício natural,hipófise,cirurgia videoassistida,base do crânio

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