Incongruence in number–luminance congruency effects

Gebuis, Titia; van der Smagt, Maarten J

doi:10.3758/s13414-010-0002-9

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Incongruence in number–luminance congruency effects

research-article

Author(s): Titia Gebuis ¹ ^, ² ^, , Maarten J. van der Smagt ¹

Publication date (Electronic): 10 November 2010

Journal: Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

Publisher: Springer-Verlag

Keywords: Size congruency, Numerical cognition, Mental number line

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Abstract

Congruency tasks have provided support for an amodal magnitude system for magnitudes that have a “spatial” character, but conflicting results have been obtained for magnitudes that do not (e.g., luminance). In this study, we extricated the factors that underlie these number–luminance congruency effects and tested alternative explanations: (unsigned) luminance contrast and saliency. When luminance had to be compared under specific task conditions, we revealed, for the first time, a true influence of number on luminanc e judgments: Darker stimuli were consistently associated with numerically larger stimuli. However, when number had to be compared, luminance contrast, not luminance, influenced number judgments. Apparently, associations exist between number and luminance, as well as luminance contrast, of which the latter is probably stronger. Therefore, similar tasks, comprising exactly the same stimuli, can lead to distinct interference effects.

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The online version of this article (doi:10.3758/s13414-010-0002-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Manuela Piazza, Philippe Pinel, Denis Le Bihan … (2007)

Activation of the horizontal segment of the intraparietal sulcus (hIPS) has been observed in various number-processing tasks, whether numbers were conveyed by symbolic numerals (digits, number words) or by nonsymbolic displays (dot patterns). This suggests an abstract coding of numerical magnitude. Here, we critically tested this hypothesis using fMRI adaptation to demonstrate notation-independent coding of numerical quantity in the hIPS. Once subjects were adapted either to dot patterns or to Arabic digits, activation in the hIPS and in frontal regions recovered in a distance-dependent fashion whenever a new number was presented, irrespective of notation changes. This remained unchanged when analyzing the hIPS peaks from an independent localizer scan of mental calculation. These results suggest an abstract coding of approximate number common to dots, digits, and number words. They support the idea that symbols acquire meaning by linking neural populations coding symbol shapes to those holding nonsymbolic representations of quantities.