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      Neural activity and the dynamics of central nervous system development.

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      Publication date:
      Journal: Nature neuroscience
      Keywords: Animals, Central Nervous System, cytology, growth & development, Electrophysiology, Evoked Potentials, physiology, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission

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          Abstract

          Recent imaging studies show that the formation of neural connections in the central nervous system is a highly dynamic process. The iterative formation and elimination of synapses and neuronal branches result in the formation of a much larger number of trial connections than is maintained in the mature brain. Neural activity modulates development through biasing this process of formation and elimination, promoting the formation and stabilization of appropriate synaptic connections on the basis of functional activity patterns.

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          AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.

          Roberto Malinow, Robert Malenka (2002)
          Activity-dependent changes in synaptic function are believed to underlie the formation of memories. Two prominent examples are long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), whose mechanisms have been the subject of considerable scrutiny over the past few decades. Here we review the growing literature that supports a critical role for AMPA receptor trafficking in LTP and LTD, focusing on the roles proposed for specific AMPA receptor subunits and their interacting proteins. While much work remains to understand the molecular basis for synaptic plasticity, recent results on AMPA receptor trafficking provide a clear conceptual framework for future studies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 437 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The molecular basis of CaMKII function in synaptic and behavioural memory.

            J Lisman, H Schulman, H. Cline (2002)
            Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus has been the primary model by which to study the cellular and molecular basis of memory. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is necessary for LTP induction, is persistently activated by stimuli that elicit LTP, and can, by itself, enhance the efficacy of synaptic transmission. The analysis of CaMKII autophosphorylation and dephosphorylation indicates that this kinase could serve as a molecular switch that is capable of long-term memory storage. Consistent with such a role, mutations that prevent persistent activation of CaMKII block LTP, experience-dependent plasticity and behavioural memory. These results make CaMKII a leading candidate in the search for the molecular basis of memory.
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              Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits

              L C Katz, C J Shatz (1996)
              Vision is critical for the functional and structural maturation of connections in the mammalian visual system. Visual experience, however, is a subset of a more general requirement for neural activity in transforming immature circuits into the organized connections that subserve adult brain function. Early in development, internally generated spontaneous activity sculpts circuits on the basis of the brain's "best guess" at the initial configuration of connections necessary for function and survival. With maturation of the sense organs, the developing brain relies less on spontaneous activity and increasingly on sensory experience. The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
              Article 0 comments Cited 259 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PubMed ID:: 15048120
                DOI:: 10.1038/nn1218

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry
                Keywords: Animals,Central Nervous System,cytology,growth & development,Electrophysiology,Evoked Potentials,physiology,Humans,Models, Neurological,Nervous System Physiological Phenomena,Neural Pathways,Neurons,Synapses,Synaptic Transmission
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry
                Keywords: Animals, Central Nervous System, cytology, growth & development, Electrophysiology, Evoked Potentials, physiology, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission

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