For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
19
views
143
references
 Top references
cited by
143
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      502
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Bile Acids as Metabolic Regulators and Nutrient Sensors

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Bile acids facilitate nutrient absorption and are endogenous ligands for nuclear receptors that regulate lipid and energy metabolism. The brain–gut–liver axis plays an essential role in maintaining overall glucose, bile acid, and immune homeostasis. Fasting and feeding transitions alter nutrient content in the gut, which influences bile acid composition and pool size. In turn, bile acid signaling controls lipid and glucose use and protection against inflammation. Altered bile acid metabolism resulting from gene mutations, high-fat diets, alcohol, or circadian disruption can contribute to cholestatic and inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Bile acids and their derivatives are valuable therapeutic agents for treating these inflammatory metabolic diseases.

          Related collections

          Most cited references143

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome

          Lawrence A David, Corinne F. Maurice, Rachel Carmody … (2013)
          Long-term diet influences the structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut 1–5 , but it remains unclear how rapidly and reproducibly the human gut microbiome responds to short-term macronutrient change. Here, we show that the short-term consumption of diets composed entirely of animal or plant products alters microbial community structure and overwhelms inter-individual differences in microbial gene expression. The animal-based diet increased the abundance of bile-tolerant microorganisms (Alistipes, Bilophila, and Bacteroides) and decreased the levels of Firmicutes that metabolize dietary plant polysaccharides (Roseburia, Eubacterium rectale, and Ruminococcus bromii). Microbial activity mirrored differences between herbivorous and carnivorous mammals 2 , reflecting trade-offs between carbohydrate and protein fermentation. Foodborne microbes from both diets transiently colonized the gut, including bacteria, fungi, and even viruses. Finally, increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids, and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease 6 . In concert, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiome can rapidly respond to altered diet, potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyles.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2210 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

            Zobair Younossi, Quentin M Anstee, Milena Marietti … (2018)
            NAFLD is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide and will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, with the disease affecting both adults and children. The epidemiology and demographic characteristics of NAFLD vary worldwide, usually parallel to the prevalence of obesity, but a substantial proportion of patients are lean. The large number of patients with NAFLD with potential for progressive liver disease creates challenges for screening, as the diagnosis of NASH necessitates invasive liver biopsy. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD have a high frequency of metabolic comorbidities and could place a growing strain on health-care systems from their need for management. While awaiting the development effective therapies, this disease warrants the attention of primary care physicians, specialists and health policy makers.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1593 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Intestinal Crosstalk between Bile Acids and Microbiota and Its Impact on Host Metabolism.

              Annika Wahlström, Sama I. Sayin, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall … (2016)
              The gut microbiota is considered a metabolic "organ" that not only facilitates harvesting of nutrients and energy from the ingested food but also produces numerous metabolites that signal through their cognate receptors to regulate host metabolism. One such class of metabolites, bile acids, is produced in the liver from cholesterol and metabolized in the intestine by the gut microbiota. These bioconversions modulate the signaling properties of bile acids via the nuclear farnesoid X receptor and the G protein-coupled membrane receptor 5, which regulate numerous metabolic pathways in the host. Conversely, bile acids can modulate gut microbial composition both directly and indirectly through activation of innate immune genes in the small intestine. Thus, host metabolism can be affected through microbial modifications of bile acids, which lead to altered signaling via bile acid receptors, but also by altered microbiota composition.
              Article 0 comments Cited 738 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 8209988
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 1691
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Annu Rev Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Annu. Rev. Nutr.
                Title: Annual review of nutrition
                ISSN (Print): 0199-9885
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-4312
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 22 January 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 April 2019
                Publication date (Print): 21 August 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 03 February 2020
                Volume: 39
                Pages: 175-200
                Affiliations
                Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272
                Author notes
                Article
                Accession ID: PMC6996089 Pmcid ID: PMC6996089 Pmc-uid ID: 6996089 Manuscript ID: nihpa1068355
                DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124344
                PMC ID: 6996089
                PubMed ID: 31018107
                SO-VID: ae0717c2-7506-4144-aded-e6eba8e165f4
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: bile acid therapy,bile acid signaling,FXR,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,TGR5
                Data availability:
                Keywords: bile acid therapy, bile acid signaling, FXR, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, TGR5

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content502

                See all similar

                Cited by143

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,212

                See all reference authors