EFEITO DA MONENSINA SÓDICA SOBRE O PERFIL METABÓLICO DE OVELHAS ANTES E APÓS O PARTO

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Abstract

Resumo O estudo foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da monensina, suplementada a partir de 60 dias antes do parto (dap) e por 30 dias pós-parto, sobre o perfil metabólico e hormonal de ovelhas. As ovelhas prenhas (n=13), foram divididas, de forma aleatória, em dois grupos, um que recebeu a monensina (n=7) (30 mg/dia) e o controle (n=6). Amostras de sangue e fluido ruminal foram colhidas aos 60, 50, 40, 30, 20 e 10 dias antes do parto, no momento do parto e nos 10, 20 e 30 dias pós-parto. As variáveis mensuradas foram: glicose, frutosamina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs), β-hidroxibutirato, colesterol, triglicérides, proteína total, albumina, ureia e pesquisa de corpos cetônicos na urina. As determinações hormonais foram cortisol e a insulina. No fluido ruminal foi determinado o pH e a concentração dos ácidos graxos voláteis. Na análise estatística foi empregada a ANOVA e estudo de correlação (P<0,05). A monensina elevou (P<0,05) a concentração do propionato no rúmen e frutosamina e insulina no sangue. A administração da monensina promoveu melhora em alguns indicadores do balanço energético.

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Glucose molecules are joined to protein molecules to form stable ketoamines, or fructosamines, through glycation, a nonenzymatic mechanism involving a labile Schiff base intermediate and the Amadori rearrangement. The amount of fructosamine in serum is increased in diabetes mellitus owing to the abnormally high concentration of sugar in blood. The concentration of fructosamine in serum thus reflects the degree of glycemic control attained by the diabetic patient and is useful in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy in diabetes over a period of several weeks, in a manner analogous to the determination of glycated hemoglobin. Of the analytical approaches used to measure fructosamine, affinity chromatography with m-aminophenylboronic acid and the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method appear to be the most practical means for clinical chemists to assay fructosamine quickly, economically, and accurately. Fructosamine values can readily distinguish normal individuals and diabetic patients in good glycemic control from diabetics in poor control. Unlike glycated hemoglobin, which reflects the average blood sugar concentration over the past six to eight weeks, fructosamine reflects the average blood sugar concentration over the past two to three weeks. Thus a clinical advantage is that fructosamine responds more quickly to changes in therapy, thereby allowing for improved glycemic control. Used in conjunction with determinations of blood sugar and (or) of glycated hemoglobin, or by itself, the fructosamine assay can provide clinically useful information for the detection and control of diabetes.

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The ionophore monensin is used as a model to examine the modes of action important in manipulating rumen function. Several system modes of action probably result from the basic mode of action of the ionophore modifying the movement of ions across the membranes of rumen microbes. While there are many biological responses reported in the literature for monensin, they can be consolidated into seven categories or system modes of action. The modification of volatile fatty acid production is one widely recognized category of great importance. Modified feed intake should also be considered to be important. The third system mode of action, change in gas production, probably contributes only a limited savings in energy. Modified digestibilities are probably quite variable as a mode of action, but may be a significant factor. The change in protein utilization appears to result from several factors that are occurring simultaneously. Modification of rumen fill and rate of passage may be important in causing some of the previously mentioned system modes of action to occur. A seventh category inclusive of several monensin responses that are more indirect to the rumen, or sporadic in nature, is included. Increased animal production from the use of monensin appears to occur as a result of these several system modes of action, which probably act in concert. It is impossible to accurately assess a quantitative contribution of each of these categories at the present time.