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      Identify changes of brain regional homogeneity in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression using resting-state FMRI.

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          Abstract

          To identify changes in brain activation patterns in bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) patients.

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          Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI.

          Yu-Feng Zang, Yong Qing He, Chao-Zhe Zhu … (2007)
          In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), functional neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormalities in various brain regions, including prefrontal-striatal circuit, cerebellum, and brainstem. In the current study, we used a new marker of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), amplitude of low-frequency (0.01-0.08Hz) fluctuation (ALFF) to investigate the baseline brain function of this disorder. Thirteen boys with ADHD (13.0+/-1.4 years) were examined by resting-state fMRI and compared with age-matched controls. As a result, we found that patients with ADHD had decreased ALFF in the right inferior frontal cortex, [corrected] and bilateral cerebellum and the vermis as well as increased ALFF in the right anterior cingulated cortex, left sensorimotor cortex, and bilateral brainstem. This resting-state fMRI study suggests that the changed spontaneous neuronal activity of these regions may be implicated in the underlying pathophysiology in children with ADHD.
          Article 0 comments Cited 913 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity.

            Fenja Ziegler, Paul R Young, Patrick J. Biggs … (1978)
            An eleven item clinician-administered Mania Rating Scale (MRS) is introduced, and its reliability, validity and sensitivity are examined. There was a high correlation between the scores of two independent clinicians on both the total score (0.93) and the individual item scores (0.66 to 0.92). The MRS score correlated highly with an independent global rating, and with scores of two other mania rating scales administered concurrently. The score also correlated with the number of days of subsequent stay in hospital. It was able to differentiate statistically patients before and after two weeks of treatment and to distinguish levels of severity based on the global rating.
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              Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex.

              Bush, Luu, Posner (2000)
              Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a part of the brain's limbic system. Classically, this region has been related to affect, on the basis of lesion studies in humans and in animals. In the late 1980s, neuroimaging research indicated that ACC was active in many studies of cognition. The findings from EEG studies of a focal area of negativity in scalp electrodes following an error response led to the idea that ACC might be the brain's error detection and correction device. In this article, these various findings are reviewed in relation to the idea that ACC is a part of a circuit involved in a form of attention that serves to regulate both cognitive and emotional processing. Neuroimaging studies showing that separate areas of ACC are involved in cognition and emotion are discussed and related to results showing that the error negativity is influenced by affect and motivation. In addition, the development of the emotional and cognitive roles of ACC are discussed, and how the success of this regulation in controlling responses might be correlated with cingulate size. Finally, some theories are considered about how the different subdivisions of ACC might interact with other cortical structures as a part of the circuits involved in the regulation of mental and emotional activity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Title: PloS one
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                ISSN (Print): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 2013
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 12
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: PONE-D-13-21001
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079999
                PMC ID: 3851159
                PubMed ID: 24324588
                SO-VID: f8b8da80-2158-4cd7-813a-367c693651f4
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