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      Diversity of social ties and employee innovation: the importance of informal learning and reciprocity Translated title: La diversidad de los lazos sociales y la innovación en el trabajo: la importancia del aprendizaje informal y de la reciprocidad

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between employees' social tie diversity (ties heterogeneity based on organizational functions), innovative work behavior, informal field-based learning, and reciprocity (bidirectional ties proportion). A sample of 182 workers from an Italian clothing manufacturing company was analyzed. The findings reveal that social tie diversity positively influences innovative work behavior, and their relationship is mediated by informal field-based learning. Additionally, reciprocity strengthens the indirect link between social tie diversity and innovative work behavior. This research contributes to the network and innovation literature by corroborating the role of social tie diversity in promoting innovative work behaviors, highlighting the importance of informal field-based learning, and emphasizing the impact of reciprocity. By doing so, this study offers insights into processes and conditions under which social tie diversity has the greatest impact on employee innovation, providing practical implications for fostering innovative work behaviors in organizations.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El estudio analiza la relación entre la variedad de vínculos sociales de los empleados (heterogeneidad de los vínculos cimentada en las funciones en la empresa), el comportamiento innovador en el trabajo, el aprendizaje informal de campo y la reciprocidad (proporción de vínculos bidireccionales). Se utilizó una muestra de 182 trabajadores de una empresa textil italiana. Se observó que la diversidad de vínculos sociales influye positivamente en el comportamiento innovador en el trabajo y que esta relación está mediada por el aprendizaje informal de campo. Además la reciprocidad fortalece la relación indirecta entre la diversidad de vínculos sociales y el comportamiento innovador en el trabajo. El estudio es una contribución a las publicaciones sobre redes e innovación al corroborar el papel que juega la diversidad de vínculos sociales en el impulso al comportamiento innovador en el trabajo, destacando la importancia del aprendizaje informal de campo y la influencia de la reciprocidad. De este modo el estudio aporta ideas sobre los procesos y condiciones en las que la diversidad de vínculos sociales tiene mayor repercusión en la innovación de los empleados, con implicaciones prácticas para impulsar el comportamiento innovador en el trabajo en las empresas.

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          The Strength of Weak Ties

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            An Index and Test of Linear Moderated Mediation.

            I describe a test of linear moderated mediation in path analysis based on an interval estimate of the parameter of a function linking the indirect effect to values of a moderator-a parameter that I call the index of moderated mediation. This test can be used for models that integrate moderation and mediation in which the relationship between the indirect effect and the moderator is estimated as linear, including many of the models described by Edwards and Lambert ( 2007 ) and Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes ( 2007 ) as well as extensions of these models to processes involving multiple mediators operating in parallel or in serial. Generalization of the method to latent variable models is straightforward. Three empirical examples describe the computation of the index and the test, and its implementation is illustrated using Mplus and the PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS.
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              Community structure in social and biological networks.

              A number of recent studies have focused on the statistical properties of networked systems such as social networks and the Worldwide Web. Researchers have concentrated particularly on a few properties that seem to be common to many networks: the small-world property, power-law degree distributions, and network transitivity. In this article, we highlight another property that is found in many networks, the property of community structure, in which network nodes are joined together in tightly knit groups, between which there are only looser connections. We propose a method for detecting such communities, built around the idea of using centrality indices to find community boundaries. We test our method on computer-generated and real-world graphs whose community structure is already known and find that the method detects this known structure with high sensitivity and reliability. We also apply the method to two networks whose community structure is not well known--a collaboration network and a food web--and find that it detects significant and informative community divisions in both cases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpto
                Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones
                Rev. psicol. trab. organ.
                Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1576-5962
                2174-0534
                2023
                : 39
                : 2
                : 65-74
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversité Paris Nanterre France
                [01] orgnameUniversità degli Studi di Firenze Italy
                [03] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
                Article
                S1576-59622023000200002 S1576-5962(23)03900200002
                10.5093/jwop2023a8
                fd521602-a3a2-4978-850b-3b6019e4757f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2023
                : 02 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 85, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Research Article

                Reciprocity,Informal learning,Innovative work behavior,Diversity of social ties,Reciprocidad,Aprendizaje informal,Comportamiento innovador en el trabajo,Diversidad de vínculos sociales

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