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      Diagrammatic scale of severity for postharvest black rot (Ceratocystis paradoxa) in coconut palm fruits Translated title: Escala Diagramática para avaliação da severidade da podridão negra (Ceratocystis paradoxa) na pós colheita em coc

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT One of the major bottlenecks in the postharvest commercialization of coconut fruits is the black rot disease, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis paradoxa. This disease has been neglected in the main production areas or associated with other coconut diseases. To date, there are no standardized methods for assessing the intensity of such a problem. In this sense, the aim of our study was to prepare and validate a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the disease severity in coconut fruits. We also tested the scale applicability comparing distinct C. paradoxa isolates on inoculated fruits. For such quantification, the fruit longitudinal sectioning was necessary, allowing the visualization of internal symptoms. The proposed scale showed good repeatability and high reproducibility, with absolute errors around 8%, while the coefficient of determination presented an average of 91% with the aid of the scale and of 59% without the scale. In addition, symptom analyses showed that the outer necrosis does not match the internal damage. Therefore, we suggest in this study that the severity estimate of this disease be obtained by using the presented scale.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Um dos principais problemas na comercialização de frutos de coco em pós-colheita tem sido a podridão negra, causada pelo fungo Ceratocystis paradoxa. Esta doença tem sido negligenciada nas principais áreas produtoras ou associadas à outras doenças da cultura. Até o presente momento, não existem métodos padronizados para a avaliação da intensidade de tal problema. Neste sentido, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi preparar e validar uma escala diagramática para avaliar a severidade da doença em frutos de coco. Com isso, foi possível testar a aplicabilidade da escala comparando diferentes isolados de C. paradoxa em frutos inoculados. Para esta quantificação, o seccionamento longitudinal do fruto foi necessário, permitindo a visualização interna dos sintomas. Dessa forma, a escala proposta apresentou boa repetibilidade e alta reprodutibilidade, com erros absolutos em torno de 8% e coeficientes de determinação com médias de 91% com o auxílio da escala e de 59% sem a escala. Além disso, as análises sintomáticas mostraram que uma necrose exterior não corresponde ao dano interno. Por isso, indica-se neste trabalho, a estimativa da severidade desta doença através da escala apresentada.

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          ExpDes: An R Package for ANOVA and Experimental Designs

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            A new diagrammatic scale for the assessment of northern corn leaf blight

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              Elaboration and validation of a diagrammatic scale to assess downy mildew severity in grapevine

              The downy mildew, caused by Plasmopora viticola, is one of the most important grapevine (Vitis vinifera) diseases in Southern Brazil, causing defoliation and economic losses. The evaluation of disease severity is an important decision for adoption of strategies and tactics for disease control. Therefore, the objective of this work was to elaborate and to validate a diagrammatic scale to assess downy mildew severity in grapevine, respecting the limitations of visual acuity. The diagrammatic scale with seven levels of disease severity of 1, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50 and 75% was developed in two versions of black-and-white and color scale. The scales were tested and validated by eight raters with and without previous experience with grapevine downy mildew. The raters estimated the severity of 30 grapevine leaves with different downy mildew severity, with and without the use of the scales. Minimum, intermediate and maximum severity levels were collected according to Weber-Fechner's stimulus-response law. The accuracy and precision were analyzed by linear regression between the actual and the estimated severity. Actual severity was assessed with ASSESS(r) Program. The scales provided good levels of accuracy (means of 88%) and excellent levels of precision (means of 95%). The raters showed great precision and accuracy when used the diagrammatic scale. The color scale provided more precise and accurate estimates than the black-and-white scale. The scale proposed in this work presented appropriate applicability for downy mildew evaluation in grapevine.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sp
                Summa Phytopathologica
                Summa phytopathol.
                Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia (Botucatu, SP, Brazil )
                0100-5405
                1980-5454
                December 2017
                : 43
                : 4
                : 269-275
                Affiliations
                [01] Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense orgdiv1Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia Brazil
                [02] orgnameInstitutos Superiores de Ensino do CENSA orgdiv1Laboratório de Química e Biomoléculas Brasil
                [03] Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense orgdiv1Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal Brazil
                Article
                S0100-54052017000400269
                10.1590/0100-5405/170792
                fc2e1885-818e-44e1-89f9-e570fb11b183

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 October 2016
                : 02 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Severidade de doença,Patometria,Epidemiologia,Disease severity,Pathometry,Epidemiology

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