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      Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold

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          Abstract

          Many treatments for the common cold exist and are sold over-the-counter. Nevertheless, evidence on the effectiveness and safety of nasal decongestants is limited.

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          Most cited references36

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          The economic burden of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States.

          A Mark Fendrick, Arnold Monto, Brian Nightengale … (2003)
          Viral respiratory tract infection (VRTI) is the most common illness in humans. Despite the high incidence, the economic impact of non-influenza-related VRTI has not been rigorously explored. Our objectives were to obtain an updated incidence of non-influenza-related VRTI in the United States and to quantify the health care resource use (direct costs) and productivity losses (indirect costs) associated with these infections. A nationwide telephone survey of US households (N = 4051) was conducted between November 3, 2000, and February 12, 2001 to obtain a representative estimate of the self-reported incidence of non-influenza-related VRTI and related treatment patterns. Direct treatment costs measured included outpatient clinician encounters, use of over-the-counter and prescription drugs, and associated infectious complications of non-influenza-related VRTI. Absenteeism estimates for infected individuals and parents of infected children were extrapolated from National Health Interview Survey data. Of survey respondents, 72% reported a non-influenza-related VRTI within the past year. Respondents who experienced a self-reported non-influenza-related VRTI averaged 2.5 episodes annually. When these rates are extrapolated to the entire US population, approximately 500 million non-influenza-related VRTI episodes occur per year. Similarly, if the treatment patterns reported by the respondents are extended to the population, the total economic impact of non-influenza-related VRTI approaches $40 billion annually (direct costs, $17 billion per year; and indirect costs, $22.5 billion per year). Largely because of the high attack rate, non-influenza-related VRTI imposes a greater economic burden than many other clinical conditions. The pending availability of effective antiviral therapies warrants increased attention be paid to this common and expensive illness.
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            Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.

            G Allan, B Arroll (2014)
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              Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections.

              David King, Ben Mitchell, Christopher P Williams … (2015)
              Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including the common cold and rhinosinusitis, are common afflictions that cause discomfort and debilitation and contribute significantly to workplace absenteeism. Treatment is generally by antipyretic and decongestant drugs and sometimes antibiotics, even though most infections are viral. Nasal irrigation with saline is often employed as an adjunct treatment for URTI symptoms despite a relative lack of evidence for benefit in this clinical setting. This review is an update of the Cochrane review by Kassel et al, which found that saline was probably effective in reducing the severity of some symptoms associated with acute URTIs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date (Print): October 17 2016
                Volume:
                Issue:
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009612.pub2
                PMC ID: 6461189
                PubMed ID: 27748955
                SO-VID: eb214e57-d67d-48b0-b051-e6f17c3ae184
                Copyright © © 2016
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