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      Complete atrioventricular block in an adult with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with interrupted inferior vena cava

      case-report

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          Abstract

          A 56-year-old man got admitted as he was suffering from dizziness for 3 days. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed complete atrioventricular (AV) block with ventricular rhythm of 35/min. We found that he had no inferior vena cava (IVC) which drained into right atrium in the middle of temporary pacing lead insertion. Venous drainage into superior vena cava from dilated azygos vein was identified after venogram. Echocardiogram revealed a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA). Chest computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed AV and ventriculoarterial discordance with reversed ventricles and interrupted IVC with azygos continuation. DDD pacemaker was implanted via left axillary vein without any problem.

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          Arrhythmia and mortality after the Mustard procedure: a 30-year single-center experience.

          M Gelatt, Mark Hamilton, Claire Harris … (1996)
          Our purpose was to assess the risk factors for late mortality, loss of sinus rhythm and atrial flutter after the Mustard operation. The Mustard operation provides correction of cyanosis with low surgical risk in transposition of the great vessels. However, right ventricular failure, loss of sinus rhythm, atrial flutter and death are frequent long-term complications. Records of 534 children who underwent the Mustard operation at a single center since 1962 were reviewed for demographic, anatomic, electrocardiographic and physiologic predictors and outcomes. There were 52 early deaths (9.7%). Survival analysis was undertaken for 478 early survivors with a mean follow-up interval of 11.6 +/- 7.2 years. There were 77 late deaths (16.1%), with sudden death (n = 31) the most frequent cause. Survival estimates were 89% at 5 years and 76% at 20 years of age. Risk factors were an earlier date of operation, operative period arrhythmia and an associated ventricular septal defect. Risk (hazard) of late death declined in the first decade, with further peaks in the second decade. Sinus rhythm was present in 77% at 5 years and 40% at 20 years. Loss of sinus rhythm was associated with previous septectomy, postoperative bradycardia and late atrial flutter. Freedom from atrial flutter was 92% at 5 years and 73% at 20 years of age. Risk factors for atrial flutter were the occurrence of perioperative bradyarrhythmia, reoperation and loss of sinus rhythm during follow-up. Risk of atrial flutter demonstrates a late increase. Ongoing loss of sinus rhythm and late peaks in the risk of atrial flutter and death necessitate continued follow-up.
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            Interrupted inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old adult: a case report

            Mehmet Colak, Ali Rahman, Hasan Kocaturk … (2009)
            We present a woman having congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old. Congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava are rare. They are seen more often in young males. If there are not other anomalies, they are latent for a long time. Peripheral venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, dyspnea and fatigue are often the first symptoms of these anomalies. Surgical repair of atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return include provision of durably unobstructed systemic and pulmonary venous pathways, closure of the atrial septal defect, and avoidance of arrhythmias. The diagnosis has been determined by compression ultrasonography with color doppler assessment, multidetector computed tomography angiography and echocardiography.
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              Complete heart block in an adult with corrected transposition of the great arteries treated with permanent pacemaker.

              S Amikam, Nicholas Neufeld, E Riss … (1979)
              A 53-year-old patient with corrected transposition of the great arteries developed complete heart block with fainting episodes. After temporary pacing through the endocardium of the venous (anatomically left) ventricle, a permanent epicardial pacemaker was implanted. This case shows the progressive nature of the atrioventricular conduction disturbances, which are very common in association with this congenital cardiac anomaly.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Res Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Res Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JRMS
                Title: Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-1995
                ISSN (Electronic): 1735-7136
                Publication date (Print): August 2012
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 808-810
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Gwangju, Korea
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Prof. Jeong Gwan Cho, Director of The Cardiac Electrophysiology Lab, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jeabongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. E-mail: NSAIDs77@ 123456hitel.net
                Article
                Publisher ID: JRMS-17-808
                PMC ID: 3687892
                PubMed ID: 23798952
                SO-VID: e58c8bdf-995e-497b-9860-51a799eb3049
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 February 2012
                Date revision received : 13 May 2012
                Date accepted : 24 May 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: complete atrioventricular block,congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries,interrupted inferior vena cava
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: complete atrioventricular block, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, interrupted inferior vena cava

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