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      Writing Technical Reports for Simulation in Education for Health Professionals: Suggested Guidelines

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      1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 3 , 5
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      Cureus
      Cureus
      simulation based medical education, simulation, guidelines

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          Abstract

          Simulation is an important training tool used in a variety of influential fields. However, development of simulation scenarios - the key component of simulation – occurs in isolation; sharing of scenarios is almost non-existent. This can make simulation use a costly task in terms of the resources and time and the possible redundancy of efforts. To alleviate these issues, the goal is to strive for an open communication of practice (CoP) surrounding simulation. To facilitate this goal, this report describes a set of guidelines for writing technical reports about simulation use for educating health professionals. Using an accepted set of guidelines will allow for homogeneity when building simulation scenarios and facilitate open sharing among simulation users. In addition to optimizing simulation efforts in institutions that are currently using simulation as an educational tool, the development of such a repository may have direct implications on developing countries, where simulation is only starting to be used systematically. Our project facilitates equivalent and global access to information, knowledge, and highest-caliber education - in this context, simulation – collectively, the building blocks of optimal healthcare. 

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            Rethinking programme evaluation in health professions education: beyond 'did it work?'.

            For nearly 40 years, outcome-based models have dominated programme evaluation in health professions education. However, there is increasing recognition that these models cannot address the complexities of the health professions context and studies employing alternative evaluation approaches that are appearing in the literature. A similar paradigm shift occurred over 50 years ago in the broader discipline of programme evaluation. Understanding the development of contemporary paradigms within this field provides important insights to support the evolution of programme evaluation in the health professions.
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              Comparing the cost-effectiveness of simulation modalities: a case study of peripheral intravenous catheterization training.

              While the ultimate goal of simulation training is to enhance learning, cost-effectiveness is a critical factor. Research that compares simulation training in terms of educational- and cost-effectiveness will lead to better-informed curricular decisions. Using previously published data we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of three simulation-based programs. Medical students (n = 15 per group) practiced in one of three 2-h intravenous catheterization skills training programs: low-fidelity (virtual reality), high-fidelity (mannequin), or progressive (consisting of virtual reality, task trainer, and mannequin simulator). One week later, all performed a transfer test on a hybrid simulation (standardized patient with a task trainer). We used a net benefit regression model to identify the most cost-effective training program via paired comparisons. We also created a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve to visually represent the probability that one program is more cost-effective when compared to its comparator at various 'willingness-to-pay' values. We conducted separate analyses for implementation and total costs. The results showed that the progressive program had the highest total cost (p < 0.001) whereas the high-fidelity program had the highest implementation cost (p < 0.001). While the most cost-effective program depended on the decision makers' willingness-to-pay value, the progressive training program was generally most educationally- and cost-effective. Our analyses suggest that a progressive program that strategically combines simulation modalities provides a cost-effective solution. More generally, we have introduced how a cost-effectiveness analysis may be applied to simulation training; a method that medical educators may use to investment decisions (e.g., purchasing cost-effective and educationally sound simulators).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cureus
                Cureus
                2168-8184
                Cureus
                Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                2168-8184
                2 November 2015
                November 2015
                : 7
                : 11
                : e371
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                [2 ] Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                [3 ] Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                [4 ] Oncology, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                [5 ] Clinical Learning and Simulation Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                [6 ] Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland
                Author notes
                Article
                10.7759/cureus.371
                4671839
                26677421
                e412f4e0-fc71-4672-a125-052a3d1ac468
                Copyright © 2015, Dubrowski et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 14 August 2015
                : 2 November 2015
                Categories
                Medical Education

                simulation based medical education,simulation,guidelines

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