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      Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m) in leucocytes as post‐COVID‐19 sequelae

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          Abstract

          The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m) is a parameter often used to determine mitochondrial function; therefore, it can be used to determine the integrity and functionality of cells. A decrement of Δ Ψ m is implicated in several inflammatory‐related pathologies, such phenomena can be related to COVID‐19 infection. The present work aimed to compare the Δ Ψ m in leucocytes (human PBMCs; HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, patients with COVID‐19 (C‐19), recovered subjects at 40 ± 13 (R1) and 335 ± 20 (R2) days after infection (dai). Obtained data showed that Δ Ψ m decreased in HPBMC of subjects with C‐19, R1, and R2 compared with HC. When analyzing the Δ Ψ m data by sex, in females, a significant decrease was observed in R1 and R2 groups versus HC. Regarding men, a significant decrease of Δ Ψ m was observed in R1, with respect to HC, contrary to R2 group, who reestablished this parameter. Obtained results suggest that the loss of Δ Ψ m could be related to the long‐COVID.

          Graphical Abstract

          Patients recovered from COVID‐19 present loss of the Δ Ψ m in HPBMC, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is associated with the onset and progression of several chronic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, determining the Δ Ψ m in patients recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 could be an early sign of several diseases caused by post‐COVID‐19 sequelae.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li … (2020)
          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

            Fei Zhou, Ting Yu, Ronghui Du … (2020)
            Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p<0·0001), and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL (18·42, 2·64–128·55; p=0·0033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20·0 days (IQR 17·0–24·0) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.
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              Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

              Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)
              In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
              Article 0 comments Cited 10918 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Manuel Iván Girón‐Pérez: ivan_giron@hotmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Leukoc Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Leukoc Biol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1938-3673
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JLB
                Title: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0741-5400
                ISSN (Electronic): 1938-3673
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 March 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.1002/JLB.3MA0322-279RRR
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)‐Unidad Nayarit Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Nayarit Mexico
                [ 2 ] Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO) Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Manuel Iván Girón Pérez, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)‐Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial. Tepic, Nayarit, México. C.P. 63000.

                Email: ivan_giron@ 123456hotmail.com

                Article
                Publisher ID: JLB11111
                DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3MA0322-279RRR
                PMC ID: 9088601
                PubMed ID: 35355308
                SO-VID: cfea6211-9b3f-4966-973d-8c1a01b4baa1
                Copyright © ©2022 Society for Leukocyte Biology
                License:

                This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

                History
                Date revision received : 04 March 2022
                Date received : 16 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Pages: 7, Words: 4140
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Subject: Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                edited-state corrected-proof
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.5 mode:remove_FC converted:10.05.2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Hematology
                Keywords: leucocytes,mitochondrial membrane potential,response sex‐associated,sars‐cov‐2
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Hematology
                Keywords: leucocytes, mitochondrial membrane potential, response sex‐associated, sars‐cov‐2

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