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      SIMPLIFIED GASTRIC BYPASS: 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AND 12,000 PATIENTS OPERATED Translated title: Bypass gástrico simplificado: 13 anos de experiência e 12.000 pacientes operados

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          Abstract

          Background

          Obesity is increasingly prevalent disease worldwide and bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the most severe cases. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is still the most used technique all over the world and the laparoscopic approach has been preferred by surgeons with different approaches, propositions and techniques in performing the procedure.

          Aim

          To report the surgical aspects of the systematization and results of the simplified laparoscopic gastric bypass (Brazilian technique).

          Methods

          Were included all patients undergoing this procedure from January 2001 to July 2014; were described and analyzed aspects of this technique, the systematization and complications associated with the procedure.

          Results

          A total of 12,000 patients (72% women) were included, with a mean age of 43 years (14-76) and a mean BMI of 44.5 (35-90 kg/m 2). Mean total operative time was 72 minutes (36-270) and the mean hospital stay was 36 hours. There were 303 cases of gastrojejunostomy stenosis (2.5%), 370 patients had gastrointestinal bleeding (3%) with only one lap revision due to a enteroanastomosis bleeding and six revisions related to intestinal obstruction caused by impacted clots in the jejunojenunostomy. Blood transfusion was needed in 32 patients (0.3%); Petersen hernia was diagnosed in 18 (0.15%) and digestive fistula in 54 (0.45%), which led to reoperation in 43 of them (67%). The overall mortality was 0.1% (fistula with sepsis=8, pulmonary thromboembolism=3; intestinal obstruction associated with sepsis=1).

          Conclusion

          The simplified laparoscopic gastric bypass is a feasible and safe option with low complication rate and easy reproducibility for education and training in bariatric surgery.

          Translated abstract

          Racional

          A obesidade é doença de prevalência crescente no mundo todo e a cirurgia bariátrica é o tratamento mais eficaz para os graus mais severos. O bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux ainda é a opção técnica mais utilizada no mundo e a via de acesso laparoscópica tornou-se rapidamente a opção preferencial dos cirurgiões, com diversas variações e proposições técnicas na execução do procedimento.

          Objetivo

          Relatar os aspectos técnicos da sistematização cirúrgica e resultados do bypass gástrico laparoscópico simplificado (bypass brasileiro).

          Métodos

          Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a este procedimento entre janeiro de 2001 a julho de 2014. Foram descritos e analisados aspectos da sistematização técnica simplificada e as complicações associadas ao procedimento.

          Resultados

          No período, 12.000 pacientes (72% de mulheres) foram incluídos, com média de idade de 43 anos (14-76) e com IMC médio de 44,5 (35-90 kg/m 2). O tempo operatório total médio foi de 72 minutos (36-270) e a permanência hospitalar média foi de 36 horas. Ocorreram 303 casos de estenose na gastroenteroanastomose (2,5%), 370 pacientes tiveram hemorragia digestiva (3%) com necessidade de reoperação de apenas um deles por sangramento da enteroanastomose e seis pacientes foram reoperados por obstrução na enteroanastomose causada por impactação de coágulos. Transfusão sanguínea foi necessária em 32 pacientes (0,3%); hérnia de Petersen foi diagnosticada em 18 (0,15%) e fístula digestiva em 54 (0,45%), o que levou à reoperação em 43 deles (67%). A mortalidade global foi de 0,1% (fístula com sepse=8; tromboembolismo pulmonar=3; obstrução intestinal com sepse associada=1).

          Conclusão

          O bypass gástrico laparoscópico simplificado é opção técnica factível e segura, com baixo índice de complicações e com fácil reprodutibilidade para ensino em cirurgia bariátrica.

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          Most cited references64

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          Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.

          Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality. Copyright 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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            Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes--3-year outcomes.

            In short-term randomized trials (duration, 1 to 2 years), bariatric surgery has been associated with improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We assessed outcomes 3 years after the randomization of 150 obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes to receive either intensive medical therapy alone or intensive medical therapy plus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The primary end point was a glycated hemoglobin level of 6.0% or less. The mean (±SD) age of the patients at baseline was 48±8 years, 68% were women, the mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level was 9.3±1.5%, and the mean baseline body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 36.0±3.5. A total of 91% of the patients completed 36 months of follow-up. At 3 years, the criterion for the primary end point was met by 5% of the patients in the medical-therapy group, as compared with 38% of those in the gastric-bypass group (P<0.001) and 24% of those in the sleeve-gastrectomy group (P=0.01). The use of glucose-lowering medications, including insulin, was lower in the surgical groups than in the medical-therapy group. Patients in the surgical groups had greater mean percentage reductions in weight from baseline, with reductions of 24.5±9.1% in the gastric-bypass group and 21.1±8.9% in the sleeve-gastrectomy group, as compared with a reduction of 4.2±8.3% in the medical-therapy group (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Quality-of-life measures were significantly better in the two surgical groups than in the medical-therapy group. There were no major late surgical complications. Among obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, 3 years of intensive medical therapy plus bariatric surgery resulted in glycemic control in significantly more patients than did medical therapy alone. Analyses of secondary end points, including body weight, use of glucose-lowering medications, and quality of life, also showed favorable results at 3 years in the surgical groups, as compared with the group receiving medical therapy alone. (Funded by Ethicon and others; STAMPEDE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00432809.).
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              Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux-en-Y: Preliminary Report of Five Cases.

              The technique of laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y, has been developed, and performed in five patients. The detailed technique and instrumentation is described. Early case results show comparable weight loss, and reduced morbidity and disability. Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a feasible alternative to the open operative procedure.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                December 2014
                December 2014
                : 27
                : Suppl 1
                : 2-8
                Affiliations
                From the Institute Gastro-Obeso-Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Almino Cardoso Ramos. E-mail: ramos.almino@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.1590/S0102-6720201400S100002
                4743509
                25409956
                cfa64145-f8e8-4b91-9436-a148bdd93c1d

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 13 May 2014
                : 12 August 2014
                Categories
                Original Article

                bariatric surgery,gastric bypass,obesity
                bariatric surgery, gastric bypass, obesity

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