Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus  L.) Receptacle

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Abstract

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) contains active ingredients, such as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on essential oil from the receptacle of sunflower (SEO). In this work, we investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of SEO. The yield of SEO was about 0.42% ( v/ w) by hydrodistillation. A total of 68 volatile components of SEO were putatively identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents of SEO were α-pinene (26.00%), verbenone (7.40%), terpinolene (1.69%) and α-terpineol (1.27%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SEO against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was 0.2 mg/mL. The MIC of SEO against S. cerevisiae was 3.2 mg/mL. The MIC of SEO against E. coli and Candida albicans was 6.4 mg/mL. The results showed that SEO had high antibacterial and antifungal activities. Three different analytical assays (DPPH, ABTS and iron ion reducing ability) were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The results showed that SEO had antioxidant activities. To summarize, the results in this study demonstrate the possibility for the development and application of SEO in potential natural preservatives and medicines due to its excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

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Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While there are many common features that these pathotypes employ to colonize the intestinal mucosa and cause disease, the course, onset, and complications vary significantly. Outbreaks are common in developed and developing countries, and they sometimes have fatal consequences. Many of these pathotypes are a major public health concern as they have low infectious doses and are transmitted through ubiquitous mediums, including food and water. The seriousness of pathogenic E. coli is exemplified by dedicated national and international surveillance programs that monitor and track outbreaks; unfortunately, this surveillance is often lacking in developing countries. While not all pathotypes carry the same public health profile, they all carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli.

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Clarissa J. Nobile, Alexander D. Johnson (2015)

In humans, microbial cells (including bacteria, archaea, and fungi) greatly outnumber host cells. Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal species of the human microbiota; this species asymptomatically colonizes many areas of the body, particularly the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Alterations in host immunity, stress, resident microbiota, and other factors can lead to C. albicans overgrowth, causing a wide range of infections, from superficial mucosal to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. To date, most studies of C. albicans have been carried out in suspension cultures; however, the medical impact of C. albicans (like that of many other microorganisms) depends on its ability to thrive as a biofilm, a closely packed community of cells. Biofilms are notorious for forming on implanted medical devices, including catheters, pacemakers, dentures, and prosthetic joints, which provide a surface and sanctuary for biofilm growth. C. albicans biofilms are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental perturbations, making biofilm-based infections a significant clinical challenge. Here, we review our current knowledge of biofilms formed by C. albicans and closely related fungal species.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 11 November 2020

Publication date Collection: November 2020

Volume: 25

Issue: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 5244

Affiliations

[1 ]School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; liuxs18@ 123456mails.jlu.edu.cn (X.-S.L.); gaobo@ 123456jlu.edu.cn (B.G.); xinlu19@ 123456mails.jlu.edu.cn (X.-L.L.); liwannan@ 123456jlu.edu.cn (W.-N.L.); qiaoza18@ 123456mails.jlu.edu.cn (Z.-A.Q.)

[2 ]Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China

[3 ]Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: luhan@ 123456jlu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-431-8515-5345; Fax: +86-431-8515-5127

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Lu Han https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-0745

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Publisher ID: molecules-25-05244

DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225244

PMC ID: 7697854

PubMed ID: 33187052

SO-VID: cd204fd0-dfa8-4191-81a0-fd3cab601223

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Receptacle

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Most cited references 30

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Evolutionary Adaptation and Diversification in Cystic Fibrosis Chronic Lung Infections

Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease.

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