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      Análisis de datos antropométricos de la población menor de 18 años de Medellín usando los estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y su adaptación para Colombia propuesta por el Ministerio de la Protección Social Translated title: Analysis of anthropometric data of the population under 18 years of age in Medellín using the World Health Organization standards and their adaptation for Colombia proposed by the Ministerio de la Protección Social

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: comparar los resultados de la evaluación nutricional de los menores de 18 años de Medellín usando los estándares de la OMS, su sistema de clasificación y el propuesto por el Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se evaluó el estado nutricional por los indicadores talla/edad e índice de masa corporal en menores de 18 y peso/talla en menores de cinco pertenecientes a 2.719 hogares urbanos y rurales de la ciudad de Medellín, que participaron en el estudio Perfil alimentario y nutricional de Medellín 2010, realizado por la Alcaldía de Medellín. Resultados: se encontraron menores prevalencias de peso/talla e IMC adecuados y mayores de sobrepeso y obesidad en menores de cinco años usando la clasificación colombiana, en relación con la de la OMS. Situación similar a la descrita para IMC se encontró en los mayores de 5 años. Las diferencias se explican por utilizar distintos puntos de corte e inclusión de nuevas categorías de riego nutricional. Conclusiones: aunque se requieren más estudios para alcanzar conclusiones definitivas, para estudios poblacionales posiblemente no se requiera introducir las categorías de riesgo nutricional, ni cambiar los puntos de corte para establecer sobrepeso y obesidad, pues los nuevos estándares de la OMS son más exigentes que otros patrones para evaluar estas dos condiciones. En el seguimiento individual se recomienda complementar la información antropométrica con aspectos sociales, antecedentes familiares y hábitos de crianza en niños con IMC entre >1 y ≤2 desviaciones estándar.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: to compare the results of nutritional assessment of children and adolescents under 18 years of age using the WHO growth standards and the cut-off points proposed by the resolution 2121 of 2010 of the Social Security Ministry of Colombia. Materials and methods: we evaluated the nutritional status by using the indicators height/age and body max index (BMI) in children and adolescents under 18 years of age and weigh/height in children under five belonging to 2719 rural and urban households in Medellin. They were sampled in the study Food and nutritional profile of Medellin 2010 conducted by the municipal government. Results: we found lower prevalence rates of adequate weight/height and BMI in children less than five years of age using the Colombian standards as compared to the WHO standards. BMI for children over 5 years of age behaved similarly. The difference is explained for using different cut-off points and inclusion of new nutritional risk categories. Conclusions: for population-based studies may not be required to introduce the categories of nutritional risk and to change the cut-off points for overweight and obesity set up by the WHO standards given that they are more rigorous than others parameters for evaluating these two nutritional conditions. Related to individual follow-ups it is important to complement anthropometric measure evaluation with social aspects, family history, and rearing habits in children with BMI between 1 and 2 standard deviations.

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          Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

          OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.
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            Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood.

            This clinical report replaces the 1998 policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics on cholesterol in childhood, which has been retired. This report has taken on new urgency given the current epidemic of childhood obesity with the subsequent increasing risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in older children and adults. The approach to screening children and adolescents with a fasting lipid profile remains a targeted approach. Overweight children belong to a special risk category of children and are in need of cholesterol screening regardless of family history or other risk factors. This report reemphasizes the need for prevention of cardiovascular disease by following Dietary Guidelines for Americans and increasing physical activity and also includes a review of the pharmacologic agents and indications for treating dyslipidemia in children.
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              The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design, and methodology.

              The World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) is a community-based, multicountry project to develop new growth references for infants and young children. The design combines a longitudinal study from birth to 24 months with a cross-sectional study of children aged 18 to 71 months. The pooled sample from the six participating countries (Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, and the United States) consists of about 8,500 children. The study subpopulations had socioeconomic conditions favorable to growth, and low mobility, with at least 20% of mothers following feeding recommendations and having access to breastfeeding support. The individual inclusion criteria were absence of health or environmental constraints on growth, adherence to MGRS feeding recommendations, absence of maternal smoking, single term birth, and absence of significant morbidity. In the longitudinal study, mothers and newborns were screened and enrolled at birth and visited at home 21 times: at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6; monthly from 2 to 12 months; and every 2 months in their second year. In addition to the data collected on anthropometry and motor development, information was gathered on socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental characteristics, perinatal factors, morbidity, and feeding practices. The prescriptive approach taken is expected to provide a single international reference that represents the best description of physiological growth for all children under five years of age and to establish the breastfed infant as the normative model for growth and development.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                penh
                Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana
                Perspect Nut Hum
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0124-4108
                June 2012
                : 14
                : 1
                : 33-45
                Affiliations
                [01] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia Colombia lalvarez@ 123456pijaos.udea.edu.co
                [02] Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia Colombia
                Article
                S0124-41082012000100004 S0124-4108(12)01400104
                c83baa82-19ec-47c0-b797-08117b668a9e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 June 2011
                : 22 January 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Investigación

                Colombia,adolescentes,niños,Organización Mundial de la Salud,peso corporal,estado nutricional,crecimiento,índice de masa corporal,antropometría,evaluación nutricional,adolescent,children,body mass index,World Health Organization,body weight,growth,nutritional status,nutrition assessment,anthropometry

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