Occupational status and chronic respiratory diseases: a cross-sectional study based on the data of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study

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Abstract

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible connection between occupational status and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) among the Iranian population.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 9934 individuals aged 35–70 years enrolled in the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), a component of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). Detailed questionnaires were used to collect information on various factors, such as occupation, sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, cigarette and hookah smoking, opium use, and alcohol consumption. The association between occupational class and CRD was evaluated using logistic regression models for rare events.

Results

In the present study, 4624 (46.55%) participants were male, and 5310 (53.45%) were female. The prevalence of CRD among all participants was 2.61%. Occupational activities were classified into two categories: In class I, the largest group was the homemaker and unemployment category (41.73%), followed by self-employment (34.39%), employment (13.03%), and retired individuals (10.84%). In class II, there were pistachio farmers (12.61%), copper miners (3.62%), and others in various occupations (83.76%). Subjects with CRD were significantly more likely to be homemakers, unemployed, elderly, female, less educated, and obese. There was no significant relationship between CRD and job type/occupational status after adjusting for some potential confounding variables.

Conclusions

There was no significant relationship between CRD and job type/occupational status. However, longitudinal studies are needed to assess the impact of job type/occupational status on the risk of CRD.

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Most cited references 38

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Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain.

R Gelein, G Oberdörster, W Kreyling … (2004)

Ultrafine particles (UFP, particles 50% of inhaled UFP can be depositing in the nasopharyngeal region during nasal breathing. Preliminary estimates from the present results show that approximately 20% of the UFP deposited on the olfactory mucosa of the rat can be translocated to the olfactory bulb. Such neuronal translocation constitutes an additional not generally recognized clearance pathway for inhaled solid UFP, whose significance for humans, however, still needs to be established. It could provide a portal of entry into the CNS for solid UFP, circumventing the tight blood-brain barrier. Whether this translocation of inhaled UFP can cause CNS effects needs to be determined in future studies.

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Defining the relationship between COPD and CVD: what are the implications for clinical practice?

Ann Morgan, Rosita Zakeri, Jennifer Quint (2018)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are arguably the most important comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CVDs are common in people with COPD, and their presence is associated with increased risk for hospitalization, longer length of stay and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. The economic burden associated with CVD in this population is considerable and the cumulative cost of treating comorbidities may even exceed that of treating COPD itself. Our understanding of the biological mechanisms that link COPD and various forms of CVD has improved significantly over the past decade. But despite broad acceptance of the prognostic significance of CVDs in COPD, there remains widespread under-recognition and undertreatment of comorbid CVD in this population. The reasons for this are unclear; however institutional barriers and a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the management of CVD in people with COPD may be contributory factors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge relating to the prevalence and incidence of CVD in people with COPD and the mechanisms that underlie their coexistence. We discuss the implications for clinical practice and highlight opportunities for improved prevention and treatment of CVD in people with COPD. While we advocate more active assessment for signs of cardiovascular conditions across all age groups and all stages of COPD severity, we suggest targeting those aged under 65 years. Evidence indicates that the increased risks for CVD are particularly pronounced in COPD patients in mid-to-late-middle-age and thus it is in this age group that the benefits of early intervention may prove to be the most effective.

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Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge

Vicki Stone, Mark Miller, Martin J.D. Clift … (2017)

Background: A rich body of literature exists that has demonstrated adverse human health effects following exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM), and there is strong support for an important role of ultrafine (nanosized) particles. At present, relatively few human health or epidemiology data exist for engineered nanomaterials (NMs) despite clear parallels in their physicochemical properties and biological actions in in vitro models. Objectives: NMs are available with a range of physicochemical characteristics, which allows a more systematic toxicological analysis. Therefore, the study of ultrafine particles (UFP, < 100 nm in diameter) provides an opportunity to identify plausible health effects for NMs, and the study of NMs provides an opportunity to facilitate the understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of UFP. Methods: A workshop of experts systematically analyzed the available information and identified 19 key lessons that can facilitate knowledge exchange between these discipline areas. Discussion: Key lessons range from the availability of specific techniques and standard protocols for physicochemical characterization and toxicology assessment to understanding and defining dose and the molecular mechanisms of toxicity. This review identifies a number of key areas in which additional research prioritization would facilitate both research fields simultaneously. Conclusion: There is now an opportunity to apply knowledge from NM toxicology and use it to better inform PM health risk research and vice versa. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP424

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Author and article information

Contributors

Fatemeh Amin: ft.amin@yahoo.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pulm Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pulm Med

Title: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2466

Publication date (Electronic): 23 March 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 23 March 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 24

Electronic Location Identifier: 151

Affiliations

[1 ]Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[2 ]Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[3 ]Medical student, Kerman University of medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/02kxbqc24) Kerman, Iran

[4 ]Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[5 ]Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[6 ]Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[7 ]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[8 ]Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[9 ]Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

[10 ]Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, ( https://ror.org/01v8x0f60) Rafsanjan, Iran

Article

Publisher ID: 2916

DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02916-y

PMC ID: 10960458

PubMed ID: 38521907

SO-VID: c537c473-02da-4f9e-a34b-0f2cce0f2a0c

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 3 November 2023

Date accepted : 19 February 2024

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine

Keywords: chronic respiratory diseases,occupational status,prospective epidemiological research studies in iran (persian),rafsanjan cohort study

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine

Keywords: chronic respiratory diseases, occupational status, prospective epidemiological research studies in iran (persian), rafsanjan cohort study

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Occupational status and chronic respiratory diseases: a cross-sectional study based on the data of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study

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Abstract

Background

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European Respiratory Society: COVID-19

Most cited references 38

Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain.

Defining the relationship between COPD and CVD: what are the implications for clinical practice?

Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge

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Cited by 1

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