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      Análisis de la tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad en la población peruana Translated title: Analysis of the overweight and obesity trend in the Peruvian population

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y también en el Perú. El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad según edad, sexo y pobreza. Material y Métodos: Estudio de tendencia que analiza el sobrepeso y obesidad en 175.984 peruanos durante 2007 y 2014. Las muestras fueron representativas y probabilísticas de hogares peruanos. Resultados: La tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad incrementó en todos los grupos etarios (p<0,001), excepto los menores de 5 años. En hombres, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó (p<0,001) excepto en los niños. En mujeres, la tendencia incrementó en todos los grupos (p<0,001) excepto en los menores de 5 años y el grupo entre 20-29 años. En personas en situación de pobreza extrema, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó en los jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores (p<0,001). En personas en situación de pobreza, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó (p<0,01) excepto en niños de 5-9 años. La tendencia de la obesidad en hombres y mujeres incrementó (p<0,001), excepto en niños menores de 5 años. En las mujeres, la excepción también fue en adultas mayores. Analizando la pobreza se observó que en personas en situación de pobreza extrema la tendencia de la obesidad incrementó en jóvenes y adultos (p<0,01). En personas en situación de pobreza, la tendencia de obesidad incrementó en los adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos (p<0,01). Conclusiones: La tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad fue en incremento, excepto en niños menores de 5 años, habiendo predominio en varones y personas en situación de pobreza.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Overweight and obesity constitute a public health problem worldwide and also in Peru, and its study is necessary. The aim was to analyze the tendency of overweight and obesity according to age, sex and poverty. Material and Methods: A trend study that analyzed overweight and obesity in 175,984 Peruvians surveyed between 2007 and 2014. The samples were representative and probabilistic of Peruvian households. Results: The trend of overweight and obesity was increased in all age groups studied (p<0.001), except for the group under 5 years of age. In men, the tendency of overweight was to increase (p<0.001) except in children. In women, the tendency was to increase in all groups (p<0.001) except the under 5 years of age and the group between 20-29 years of age. In people living in extreme poverty, the tendency of overweight was to increase in the young, adult and elderly (p<0.001). In people living in poverty, the tendency of the overweight was to increase (p<0.01), except in children of 5-9 years of age. The trend of obesity in men and women was increased (p<0.001), except in children under 5 years of age. In women, the exception was also in older adults. Analyzing poverty it was observed that in people living in extreme poverty the tendency of obesity was to increase in young people and adults (p<0.01). In people living in poverty, the tendency of obesity was to increase in adolescents, youth and adults (p<0.01). Conclusions: The trend of overweight and obesity was increased, except in children under 5 years of age, with predominance in men and people living in poverty.

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          Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants

          Summary Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18·5 kg/m2 [underweight], 18·5 kg/m2 to <20 kg/m2, 20 kg/m2 to <25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 to <35 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2 to <40 kg/m2, ≥40 kg/m2 [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19·2 million adult participants (9·9 million men and 9·3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21·7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval 21·3–22·1) in 1975 to 24·2 kg/m2 (24·0–24·4) in 2014 in men, and from 22·1 kg/m2 (21·7–22·5) in 1975 to 24·4 kg/m2 (24·2–24·6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21·4 kg/m2 in central Africa and south Asia to 29·2 kg/m2 (28·6–29·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21·8 kg/m2 (21·4–22·3) in south Asia to 32·2 kg/m2 (31·5–32·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13·8% (10·5–17·4) to 8·8% (7·4–10·3) in men and from 14·6% (11·6–17·9) to 9·7% (8·3–11·1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23·4% (17·8–29·2) in men and 24·0% (18·9–29·3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3·2% (2·4–4·1) in 1975 to 10·8% (9·7–12·0) in 2014 in men, and from 6·4% (5·1–7·8) to 14·9% (13·6–16·1) in women. 2·3% (2·0–2·7) of the world’s men and 5·0% (4·4–5·6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0·64% (0·46–0·86) in men and 1·6% (1·3–1·9) in women. Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world’s poorest regions, especially in south Asia. Funding Wellcome Trust, Grand Challenges Canada.
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            The epidemiology of obesity.

            Obesity has received considerable attention as a major health hazard because of the increase in the prevalence of obesity not only in the United States but also in several other countries worldwide. Obesity is caused by an interaction of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and human behavior, and is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases, from diabetes and cancers to many digestive diseases. The obesity epidemic exerts a heavy toll on the economy with its massive health care costs. This article describes some of the epidemiologic features of obesity, including global prevalence, secular trends, risk factors, and burden of illness related to obesity with special emphasis on obesity trends in the United States. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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              The costs of obesity in the workplace.

              To quantify per capita and aggregate medical expenditures and the value of lost productivity, including absenteeism and presenteeism, because of overweight, and grade I, II, and III obesity among U.S. employees. Cross-sectional analysis of the 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and the 2008 National Health and Wellness Survey. Among men, estimates range from -$322 for overweight to $6087 for grade III obese men. For women, estimates range from $797 for overweight to $6694 for grade III. In aggregate, the annual cost attributable to obesity among full-time employees is $73.1 billion. Individuals with a body mass index >35 represent 37% of the obese population but are responsible for 61% of excess costs. Successful efforts to reduce the prevalence of obesity, especially among those with a body mass index >35, could result in significant savings to employers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Fundación Española de Dietistas-Nutricionistas (FEDN) (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2017
                : 21
                : 2
                : 137-147
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Peru
                [2] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Peru
                Article
                S2174-51452017000200006
                10.14306/renhyd.21.2.312
                c167acc8-11a9-4dac-985a-7e6ab297d19a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 November 2016
                : 03 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Poverty,Estado Nutricional,Sobrepeso,Encuestas Nutricionales,Pobreza,Nutritional Status,Obesity,Overweight,Nutrition Surveys,Obesidad

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