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      Quem ganha o quê, quando e como? Emendas orçamentárias em Saúde no Brasil Translated title: Who gets what, when, how? Budget Amendments in Health in Brazil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Introdução: Segundo o senso comum, emendas parlamentares individuais favoreceriam o clientelismo e drenariam recursos de programas nacionais para projetos ineficientes e pulverizados. Não obstante, emendas individuais, principalmente as voltadas para a área de saúde, ganharam espaço no orçamento federal. Os objetivos deste artigo são verificar se as emendas ao orçamento da saúde se concentram nos municípios que mais demandam recursos e identificar fatores que afetam a escolha que cada deputado federal faz ao direcionar emendas entre os diversos municípios de seu estado. Materiais e Métodos: Os municípios de cada estado brasileiros foram separados por tercis em termos de carência de repasse de recursos. Em seguida, verificou-se se o grupo com maior demanda era o que apresentava maior valor per capita de emendas. Essa análise incluiu a construção de um índice de carência formado por pesos aleatórios atribuídos em uma simulação Monte Carlo. Para atender o segundo objetivo, analisou-se, através de regressão, os valores propostos das emendas orçamentárias contra determinantes políticos, econômicos, fiscais, sociais e burocráticos. Resultados: Dentro de cada estado as emendas se concentraram nos municípios que menos precisavam do repasse. Fatores relativos à carência municipal por recursos para a saúde não afetam a decisão alocativa dos deputados, enquanto fatores políticos têm peso relevante. Discusión: É provável que deputados não utilizem emendas ao orçamento para satisfazer eleitores carentes por determinado serviço público, mas sim para sedimentar alianças com prefeitos de municípios de suas bases eleitorais.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: According to conventional wisdom, individual parliamentary amendments would lead to misuse of the treasury either favouring corruption or draining national program’s resources to other inefficient and scattered initiatives. Nonetheless, individual amendments have gained room on federal budget bills, especially those focused on health expenditures. Hence, this paper has two goals: a) to verify whether the budget amendments are concentrated on the most vulnerable locations; and b) to identify the factors underpinning the decision when politicians allocate amendments among municipalities. Materials and Methods: To address the first purpose, we split the municipalities into groups based on their vulnerability. Then we verify whether the most vulnerable ones were the most. The analysis included the construction of an index based on assigned random weights in a Monte Carlo simulation. To achieve the second goal, we used a regression of the amendments proposals face to political, economic, fiscal, social and bureaucratic factors. Results: Within each State the budget amendments concentrated solely on municipalities able to pull it off by their own. In addition, necessity-based factors didn’t affect allocation choice, in the other hand, political variables had a significant impact. Discussion: municipal needs could be less important due to mechanisms behind the resources’ political use. It’s likely that deputies don’t use amendments to satisfy directly voters in need of public assistance, but rather to build alliances with cities’ mayors.

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          Most cited references25

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          American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies, and Political Theory

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            The concepts and principles of equity and health

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              Infant mortality rate as an indicator of population health.

              The infant mortality rate (IMR) has been criticised as a measure of population health because it is narrowly based and likely to focus the attention of health policy on a small part of the population to the exclusion of the rest. More comprehensive measures such as disability adjusted life expectancy (DALE) have come into favour as alternatives. These more comprehensive measures of population health, however, are more complex, and for resource poor countries, this added burden could mean diverting funds from much needed programmes. Unfortunately, the conjecture, that DALE is a better measure of population health than IMR, has not been empirically tested. IMR and DALE data for 1997 were obtained from the World Bank and the World Health Organisation, respectively, for 180 countries. There is a strong (generally) linear association between DALE and IMR (r=0.91). Countries with low DALE tend to have a high IMR. The countries with the lowest IMRs had DALEs above that predicted by the regression line. There is little evidence that the use of IMR as a measure of population health has a negative impact on older groups in the population. IMR remains an important indicator of health for whole populations, reflecting the intuition that structural factors affecting the health of entire populations have an impact on the mortality rate of infants. For countries with limited resources that require an easily calculated, pithy measure of population health, IMR may remain a suitable choice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                s_rsocp
                Revista de Sociologia e Política
                Rev. Sociol. Polit.
                Universidade Federal do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                0104-4478
                2019
                : 27
                : 71
                : e004
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Brasil
                [1] São Paulo SP orgnameEscola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo (Eaesp) Brasil
                Article
                S0104-44782019000300204 S0104-4478(19)02707100204
                10.1590/1678-987319277104
                bf7fbd80-15bd-4896-bd21-f0a409b8ecca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 February 2019
                : 29 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                pork barrel politics,deputado federal,gastos em saúde,budget amendments,emendas orçamentárias,equalização fiscal,clientelismo político,congressman,Fiscal equalization,Health Expenditures

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