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      The Role of Biofluid Mechanics in the Assessment of Clinical and Pathological Observations : Sixth International Bio-Fluid Mechanics Symposium and Workshop, March 28–30, 2008 Pasadena, California

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          Abstract

          Biofluid mechanics is increasingly applied in support of diagnosis and decision-making for treatment of clinical pathologies. Exploring the relationship between blood flow phenomena and pathophysiological observations is enhanced by continuing advances in the imaging modalities, measurement techniques, and capabilities of computational models. When combined with underlying physiological models, a powerful set of tools becomes available to address unmet clinical needs, predominantly in the direction of enhanced diagnosis, as well as assessment and prediction of treatment outcomes. This position paper presents an overview of current approaches and future developments along this theme that were discussed at the 5th International Biofluid Symposium and Workshop held at the California Institute of Technology in 2008. The introduction of novel mechanical biomarkers in device design and optimization, and applications in the characterization of more specific and focal conditions such as aneurysms, are at the center of attention. Further advances in integrative modeling, incorporating multiscale and multiphysics techniques are also discussed.

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          Most cited references72

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          An image-based modeling framework for patient-specific computational hemodynamics.

          We present a modeling framework designed for patient-specific computational hemodynamics to be performed in the context of large-scale studies. The framework takes advantage of the integration of image processing, geometric analysis and mesh generation techniques, with an accent on full automation and high-level interaction. Image segmentation is performed using implicit deformable models taking advantage of a novel approach for selective initialization of vascular branches, as well as of a strategy for the segmentation of small vessels. A robust definition of centerlines provides objective geometric criteria for the automation of surface editing and mesh generation. The framework is available as part of an open-source effort, the Vascular Modeling Toolkit, a first step towards the sharing of tools and data which will be necessary for computational hemodynamics to play a role in evidence-based medicine.
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            Asymmetric redirection of flow through the heart.

            Through cardiac looping during embryonic development, paths of flow through the mature heart have direction changes and asymmetries whose topology and functional significance remain relatively unexplored. Here we show, using magnetic resonance velocity mapping, the asymmetric redirection of streaming blood in atrial and ventricular cavities of the adult human heart, with sinuous, chirally asymmetric paths of flow through the whole. On the basis of mapped flow fields and drawings that illustrate spatial relations between flow paths, we propose that asymmetries and curvatures of the looped heart have potential fluidic and dynamic advantages. Patterns of atrial filling seem to be asymmetric in a manner that allows the momentum of inflowing streams to be redirected towards atrio-ventricular valves, and the change in direction at ventricular level is such that recoil away from ejected blood is in a direction that can enhance rather than inhibit ventriculo-atrial coupling. Chiral asymmetry might help to minimize dissipative interaction between entering, recirculating and outflowing streams. These factors might combine to allow a reciprocating, sling-like, 'morphodynamic' mode of action to come into effect when heart rate and output increase during exercise.
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              Helicity in Laminar and Turbulent Flow

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                m.siebes@amc.uva.nl
                Journal
                Ann Biomed Eng
                Annals of Biomedical Engineering
                Springer US (Boston )
                0090-6964
                1521-6047
                20 January 2010
                20 January 2010
                March 2010
                : 38
                : 3
                : 1216-1224
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [2 ]Fluidics and Biocomplexity Group, Department of Engineering Science & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
                Author notes

                Associate Editor Larry V. McIntire oversaw the review of this article.

                Article
                9903
                10.1007/s10439-010-9903-y
                2841261
                20087774
                bbd27d22-9732-41e1-baf7-a1cfb56057f4
                © The Author(s) 2010
                History
                : 27 October 2009
                : 2 January 2010
                Categories
                Position Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Biomedical Engineering Society 2010

                Biomedical engineering
                cardiovascular fluid mechanics,computational modeling,physiological modeling,hemodynamics,imaging

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