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      Aspectos técnicos do implante de eletrodo para estimulação ventricular esquerda através do seio coronariano, com a utilização de anatomia radiológica e eletrograma intracavitário, na terapia de ressincronização cardíaca Translated title: Technical aspects of lead implantation for left ventricle pacing through the coronary sinus, using anatomic radiology and intracavitary electrography in the cardiac resynchronization therapy

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência de 157 implantes utilizando uma técnica simplificada para cateterização do seio coronariano, baseada no eletrograma intracavitário e anatomia radiológica, demonstrando o porcentual de sucesso e tempo total de utilização de radioscopia. MÉTODO: De outubro de 2001 a fevereiro de 2005, foram realizados 157 implantes de marcapasso biventricular em pacientes previamente selecionados, utilizando-se anatomia radiológica e observação de eletrograma intracavitário, demonstrando a taxa de sucesso, complicações e tempo total de utilização de radioscopia. RESULTADOS: O implante do sistema, utilizando-se a estimulação do ventrículo esquerdo via seio coronariano, não foi possível em onze procedimentos. Em 20 pacientes foram observadas dificuldades na canulação do óstio coronário e em 39 pacientes observou-se dificuldade de progressão do eletrodo através do seio coronário. O tempo médio de utilização de radioscopia foi 18,27 ± 15,46 min. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de implante, proposta pelo autor, utilizando o eletrograma intracavitário e anatomia radiológica, demonstrou ser segura e eficaz para canulação do óstio do seio coronário, necessitando de reduzidos tempos de radioscopia.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To present the experience of 157 implantations using a simplified technique for coronary sinus catheterization, based on the atrial component of the intracavitary electrogram and radiological anatomy, showing the success rate and total time of radioscopy use. METHOD: From October 2001 to February 2005, 157 biventricular pacemaker implantations were performed in previously selected patients, using radiological anatomy and observation of the intracavitary electrogram, focusing on the atrial component. Here we show the success rate, complications and total time of radioscopy use. RESULTS: The implantation of the system employing left ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus was not possible in 11 patients. Difficulties in cannulation of the coronary ostium were felt in 20 patients and difficulties of lead advancement through the coronary sinus existed in 39 patients. The mean time of radioscopy use was 18.27 ± 15.46 minutes. CONCLUSION: The implantation technique, proposed by the author, using the atrial component morphology of the intracavitary electrogram and radiological anatomy proved to be safe and effective for the cannulation of the coronary sinus ostium requiring shorter radioscopy times.

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          Most cited references21

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          Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure.

          Previous studies have suggested that cardiac resynchronization achieved through atrial-synchronized biventricular pacing produces clinical benefits in patients with heart failure who have an intraventricular conduction delay. We conducted a double-blind trial to evaluate this therapeutic approach. Four hundred fifty-three patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms of heart failure associated with an ejection fraction of 35 percent or less and a QRS interval of 130 msec or more were randomly assigned to a cardiac-resynchronization group (228 patients) or to a control group (225 patients) for six months, while conventional therapy for heart failure was maintained. The primary end points were the New York Heart Association functional class, quality of life, and the distance walked in six minutes. As compared with the control group, patients assigned to cardiac resynchronization experienced an improvement in the distance walked in six minutes (+39 vs. +10 m, P=0.005), functional class (P<0.001), quality of life (-18.0 vs. -9.0 points, P= 0.001), time on the treadmill during exercise testing (+81 vs. +19 sec, P=0.001), and ejection fraction (+4.6 percent vs. -0.2 percent, P<0.001). In addition, fewer patients in the group assigned to cardiac resynchronization than control patients required hospitalization (8 percent vs. 15 percent) or intravenous medications (7 percent vs. 15 percent) for the treatment of heart failure (P<0.05 for both comparisons). Implantation of the device was unsuccessful in 8 percent of patients and was complicated by refractory hypotension, bradycardia, or asystole in four patients (two of whom died) and by perforation of the coronary sinus requiring pericardiocentesis in two others. Cardiac resynchronization results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate-to-severe heart failure and an intraventricular conduction delay.
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            Long-term benefits of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: results from the MUltisite STimulation in cardiomyopathy (MUSTIC) study.

            The main objective of this study was to assess if the benefits of biventricular (BiV) pacing observed during the crossover phase were sustained over 12 months. MUltisite STimulation In Cardiomyopathies (MUSTIC) is a randomized controlled study intended to evaluate the effects of BiV pacing in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay. Of 131 patients included, 42/67 in sinus rhythm (SR) and 33/64 in atrial fibrillation (AF) were followed up longitudinally at 9 and 12 months by 6-min walked distance, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO(2)), quality of life by the Minnesota score, NYHA class, echocardiography, and left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide technique. At 12 months, all SR and 88% of AF patients were programmed to BiV pacing. Compared with baseline, the 6-min walked distance increased by 20% (SR) (p = 0.0001) and 17% (AF) (p = 0.004); the peak VO(2) by 11% (SR) and 9% (AF); quality of life improved by 36% (SR) (p = 0.0001) and 32% (AF) (p = 0.002); NYHA class improved by 25% (SR) (p = 0.0001) and 27% (AF) (p = 0.0001). The ejection fraction improved by 5% (SR) and 4% (AF). Mitral regurgitation decreased by 45% (SR) and 50% (AF). The clinical benefits of BiV pacing appeared to be significantly maintained over a 12-month follow-up period.
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              Coronary sinus ostial atresia with persistent left superior vena cava.

              Atresia of the coronary sinus orifice with a persistent left superior vena cava is an intrinsically benign cardiac anomaly with important surgical implications. THe medical records of 5 patients with atresia of the coronary sinus orifice with a persistent left superior vena cava were reviewed retrospectively, and a computer search of the world literature describing this cardiac malformation was undertaken. The 5 patients ranged in age from 9 months to 5 years. In 2, the diagnosis was made preoperatively by angiocardiography, and in 3, the abnormality was found incidentally at the time of cardiotomy for repair of associated congenital heart disease. Four of the 5 patients underwent repair of associated cardiac lesions. During operation, care was taken to avoid disruption of left superior vena cava flow to prevent coronary venous obstruction. All patients survived and are doing well at follow-up. Atresia of the coronary sinus orifice with persistent left superior vena cava is, in itself, a benign anomaly without physiologic consequence. However, the recognition of this lesion during repair of associated cardiac lesions is of vital importance to the cardiac surgeon. Interruption of this sole route of coronary venous drainage can potentially lead to myocardial ischemia and necrosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbccv
                Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
                Braz. J. Cardiovasc. Surg.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-7638
                1678-9741
                September 2005
                : 20
                : 3
                : 301-309
                Affiliations
                [05] Itápolis SP orgnameClínica Cardiológica de São Paulo orgdiv1Serviço de Estimulação Cardíaca
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Disciplina de Cirurgia
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Disciplina de Cirurgia
                [04] São Paulo orgnameHospital Real e Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência
                [01] São Paulo orgnameHospital Real e Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência orgdiv1Equipe de Clínica e Cirurgia Cardiovascular orgdiv2Serviço de Ritmologia Cardíaca
                Article
                S0102-76382005000300012 S0102-7638(05)02000312
                b95923be-2d2a-439c-8eba-84ac3140d38f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : January 2005
                : June 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Editorial

                Cardiac pacing,Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva,Miocardiopatia congestiva,Estimulação cardíaca artificial,Heart failure,Cardiomyopathy

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