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      DNA-Based Applications in Nanobiotechnology

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          Abstract

          Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have shown great potential in fabrication and construction of nanostructures and devices. The very properties that make DNA so effective as genetic material also make it a very suitable molecule for programmed self-assembly. The use of DNA to assemble metals or semiconducting particles has been extended to construct metallic nanowires and functionalized nanotubes. This paper highlights some important aspects of conjugating the unique physical properties of dots or wires with the remarkable recognition capabilities of DNA which could lead to miniaturizing biological electronics and optical devices, including biosensors and probes. Attempts to use DNA-based nanocarriers for gene delivery are discussed. In addition, the ecological advantages and risks of nanotechnology including DNA-based nanobiotechnology are evaluated.

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          A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials.

          C Mirkin, R Letsinger, R Mucic … (1996)
          Colloidal particles of metals and semiconductors have potentially useful optical, optoelectronic and material properties that derive from their small (nanoscopic) size. These properties might lead to applications including chemical sensors, spectroscopic enhancers, quantum dot and nanostructure fabrication, and microimaging methods. A great deal of control can now be exercised over the chemical composition, size and polydispersity of colloidal particles, and many methods have been developed for assembling them into useful aggregates and materials. Here we describe a method for assembling colloidal gold nanoparticles rationally and reversibly into macroscopic aggregates. The method involves attaching to the surfaces of two batches of 13-nm gold particles non-complementary DNA oligonucleotides capped with thiol groups, which bind to gold. When we add to the solution an oligonucleotide duplex with 'sticky ends' that are complementary to the two grafted sequences, the nanoparticles self-assemble into aggregates. This assembly process can be reversed by thermal denaturation. This strategy should now make it possible to tailor the optical, electronic and structural properties of the colloidal aggregates by using the specificity of DNA interactions to direct the interactions between particles of different size and composition.
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            Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection.

            W Chan, S Nie (1998)
            Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.
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              Nucleic acid junctions and lattices.

              Nadrian Seeman (1982)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Biomed Biotechnol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JBB
                Title: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1110-7243
                ISSN (Electronic): 1110-7251
                Publication date (Print): 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 June 2010
                Volume: 2010
                Electronic Location Identifier: 715295
                Affiliations
                King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology and Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                *Khalid M. Abu-Salah: abusalah@ 123456ksu.edu.sa

                Academic Editor: John B. Vincent

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2010/715295
                PMC ID: 2905923
                PubMed ID: 20652049
                SO-VID: ae410621-a9d1-4802-8e08-0096eaaaaeb1
                Copyright © Copyright © 2010 Khalid M. Abu-Salah et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 20 August 2009
                Date revision received : 4 March 2010
                Date accepted : 18 April 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

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