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      Cyclobutane-Containing Alkaloids: Origin, Synthesis, and Biological Activities

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          Abstract

          Present review describes research on novel natural cyclobutane-containing alkaloids isolated from terrestrial and marine species. More than 60 biological active compounds have been confirmed to have antimicrobial, antibacterial, antitumor, and other activities. The structures, synthesis, origins, and biological activities of a selection of cyclobutane-containing alkaloids are reviewed. With the computer program PASS some additional biological activities are also predicted, which point toward new possible applications of these compounds. This review emphasizes the role of cyclobutane-containing alkaloids as an important source of leads for drug discovery.

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          Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a tool for comparative biology.

          D Soltis, P Soltis, M Chase (1999)
          Comparative biology requires a firm phylogenetic foundation to uncover and understand patterns of diversification and evaluate hypotheses of the processes responsible for these patterns. In the angiosperms, studies of diversification in floral form, stamen organization, reproductive biology, photosynthetic pathway, nitrogen-fixing symbioses and life histories have relied on either explicit or implied phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, to understand the evolution of specific genes and gene families, evaluate the extent of conservation of plant genomes and make proper sense of the huge volume of molecular genetic data available for model organisms such as Arabidopsis, Antirrhinum, maize, rice and wheat, a phylogenetic perspective is necessary. Here we report the results of parsimony analyses of DNA sequences of the plastid genes rbcL and atpB and the nuclear 18S rDNA for 560 species of angiosperms and seven non-flowering seed plants and show a well-resolved and well-supported phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms for use in comparative biology.
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            Ionic Liquid Applications in Peptide Chemistry: Synthesis, Purification and Analytical Characterization Processes

            Alesia A Tietze, Pascal Heimer, Annegret Stark … (2012)
            This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances made in the field of ionic liquids in peptide chemistry and peptide analytics.
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              Phylogeny and patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae).

              P Manos, M Jaramillo (2001)
              With ∼1000 species distributed pantropically, the genus Piper is one of the most diverse lineages among basal angiosperms. To rigorously address the evolution of Piper we use a phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA based on a worldwide sample. Sequences from a total of 51 species of Piper were aligned to yield 257 phylogenetically informative sites. A single unrooted parsimony network suggested that taxa representing major geographic areas could potentially form three monophyletic groups: Asia, the South Pacific, and the Neotropics. The position of Pothomorphe was well supported among groups of New World taxa. Simultaneous phylogenetic analysis of an expanded alignment including outgroups suggested that taxa from the South Pacific and Asia formed a monophyletic group, provisionally supporting a single origin of dioecy. Within the Neotropical sister clade, resolution was high and strong bootstrap support confirmed the monophyly of several traditionally recognized infrageneric groups (e.g., Enckea [including Arctottonia], Ottonia, Radula, Macrostachys). In contrast, some of the species representing the highly polytypic subgroup Steffensia formed a clade corresponding to the previously recognized taxon Schilleria, while others were strongly associated with several of the more specialized groups of taxa. The distribution of putatively derived inflorescence and floral character states suggested that both umbellate and solitary axillary inflorescences have multiple origins. Reduction in anther number appears to be associated with highly packaged inflorescences or with larger anther primordia per flower, trends that are consistent with the suppression of later stages of androecial development.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Med Chem J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TOMCJ
                Title: The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal
                Publisher: Bentham Open
                ISSN (Electronic): 1874-1045
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 April 2008
                Publication date Collection: 2008
                Volume: 2
                Pages: 26-37
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Moscow 119121, Russia
                [2 ]Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Tel/Fax: +972-2-590-2947; E-mail: dvalery@ 123456cc.huji.ac.il
                Article
                Publisher ID: TOMCJ-2-26
                DOI: 10.2174/1874104500802010026
                PMC ID: 2709475
                PubMed ID: 19696873
                SO-VID: aab23579-5471-4cc5-81f1-27c6c26b68b8
                Copyright © © Sergeiko et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 6 March 2008
                Date revision received : 18 March 2008
                Date accepted : 18 March 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmaceutical chemistry
                Keywords: synthesis,alkaloids,cyclobutane-containing,antibacterial,marine.,terrestrial,activities,anticancer
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmaceutical chemistry
                Keywords: synthesis, alkaloids, cyclobutane-containing, antibacterial, marine., terrestrial, activities, anticancer

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