Violência e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático na infância

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Abstract

O artigo apresenta a prevalência dos sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) em crianças escolares (6-13 anos) do município de São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. Investiga também a associação entre TEPT, violência e outros eventos de vida adversos. O processo de amostragem utilizado foi por conglomerados em três estágios de seleção. Quinhentos pais dos estudantes foram entrevistados sobre o comportamento de seus filhos. Para avaliar os sintomas de TEPT, foi utilizado a Child Behavior Checklist -Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CBCL). Também foi aplicada a Escala Tática de Conflitos (CTS), que avalia violência familiar, e outros instrumentos que investigam o perfil socioeconômico da criança, a relação familiar, as características da criança e outros eventos de vida difíceis. Foi construído um modelo hierárquico de variáveis associadas ao TEPT, a partir do critério de 5% de significância. A prevalência dos sintomas de TEPT foi 6,5%. A análise estatística multivariada sugeriu um modelo explicativo de TEPT caracterizado por dezoito variáveis, como algumas características da criança, específicos eventos de vida adversos, violência familiar e outros fatores familiares. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de se trabalhar com a criança em momentos de sua vida especialmente difíceis, com a intenção de prevenir ou minimizar o seu impacto no funcionamento mental e social.

Translated abstract

This study presents the prevalence of symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in 500 schoolchildren (6-13 years old) in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. It also investigates the association between PTSD, violence and other adverse events in the lives of these children. The multi-stage cluster sampling strategy involved three selection stages. Parents were interviewed about their children's behavior. The instrument used to screen symptoms of PTSD was the Child Behavior Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (CBCL-PTSD). Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) were applied to evaluate family violence and other scales to investigate the socioeconomic profile, familiar relationship, characteristics and adverse events in the lives of the children. Multivariate analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of clinical symptoms of PTSD was of 6.5%. The multivariate analysis suggested an explanation model of PTSD characterized by 18 variables, such as the child's characteristics; specific life events; family violence; and other family factors. The results reveal that it is necessary to work with the child in particularly difficult moments of his/her life in order to prevent or minimize the impact of adverse events on their mental and social functioning.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder in abused and neglected children grown up.

C Widom (1999)

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which childhood abuse and neglect increase a person's risk for subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether the relationship to PTSD persists despite controls for family, individual, and lifestyle characteristics associated with both childhood victimization and PTSD. Victims of substantiated child abuse and neglect from 1967 to 1971 in a Midwestern metropolitan county area were matched on the basis of age, race, sex, and approximate family socioeconomic class with a group of nonabused and nonneglected children and followed prospectively into young adulthood. Subjects (N = 1,196) were located and administered a 2-hour interview that included the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule to assess PTSD. Childhood victimization was associated with increased risk for lifetime and current PTSD. Slightly more than a third of the childhood victims of sexual abuse (37.5%), 32.7% of those physically abused, and 30.6% of victims of childhood neglect met DSM-III-R criteria for lifetime PTSD. The relationship between childhood victimization and number of PTSD symptoms persisted despite the introduction of covariates associated with risk for both. Victims of child abuse (sexual and physical) and neglect are at increased risk for developing PTSD, but childhood victimization is not a sufficient condition. Family, individual, and lifestyle variables also place individuals at risk and contribute to the symptoms of PTSD.