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      Experimentação tafonômica em contextos de enterramento na Amazônia Translated title: Taphonomic experiments in burial contexts in the Amazon

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          Abstract

          Resumo Desde o início dos estudos sobre a formação do registro arqueológico, vem se buscando ferramentas para acessar os processos de deposição e de transformação desses locais ao longo do tempo. A experimentação com o objetivo de reproduzir contextos arqueológicos, apesar de amplamente utilizada em algumas regiões, ainda foi pouco explorada em contextos amazônicos, que possuem processos tafonômicos específicos. Este trabalho visa, através da experimentação, testar algumas das variáveis estabelecidas em regiões temperadas para movimentação e preservação de material ósseo, buscando entender tanto suas validades para a Amazônia quanto as dinâmicas específicas dos microcontextos. Foram utilizados galinhas e materiais de acompanhamento para estruturar os ensaios, enterrados e deixados em superfície. Os resultados apontam para fatores extrínsecos conhecidos, como a presença de raízes de plantas, o contato direto ou não com o solo e outros, mas cujas dinâmicas em contexto amazônico parecem amplificadas. Ao final, propomos que as observações obtidas podem ser significativas para a arqueologia amazônica como um todo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Since the beginning of studies on the formation of the archaeological record, tools have been sought to access the deposition and transformation processes of these locations over time. Experimentation with the purpose of reproducing archaeological contexts, although widely used in some regions, has still been little explored in Amazonian contexts, which have specific taphonomic processes. This work aims, through experimentation, to test some of the variables established in temperate regions for movement and preservation of bony material, seeking to understand both their validity for the Amazon and the specific dynamics of micro-contexts. Chickens and accompanying materials were used to structure the tests, which were buried and left on the surface. The results point to known extrinsic factors, such as the presence of plant roots, direct contact or not with the soil and others, but whose dynamics in the Amazonian context seem amplified. In the end we propose how the observations obtained can be significant for the Amazonian archaeology as a whole.

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          Most cited references50

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          Behavioral Archaeology and the "Pompeii Premise"

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            Analogy in Archaeological Interpretation

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              Chemical Weathering of Bone in Archaeological Soils

              Weathering of hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH) in bone probably is initiated by organic and carbonic acids formed by the microbial decomposition of collagen. This weathering, independent of soil properties, is caused by protons replacing Ca from hydroxyapatite. As collagen is depleted, proton production decreases and weathering may either continue if protons are available from the soil or be arrested if Ca from the soil displaces the protons previously added to the hydroxyapatite. The theoretical Ca/P weight ratio of unweathered bones is 2.15. Weathered bones that have been stabilized by Ca may have this ratio or a higher one if extra Ca has been added. A group of weathered bones from one site with a slightly acid soil had an average ratio of 1.67, which probably promotes further weathering, while bone at the same site with an average ratio of 4.09 was less weathered and apparently stabilized.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bgoeldi
                Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
                Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.
                MCTI/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Belém, PA, Brazil )
                1981-8122
                2178-2547
                2021
                : 16
                : 1
                : e20190145
                Affiliations
                [01] Macapá Amapá orgnameInstituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá orgdiv1Núcleo de Pesquisa Arqueológica Brasil
                [02] Santarém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Brazil
                Article
                S1981-81222021000100207 S1981-8122(21)01600100207
                10.1590/2178-2547-bgoeldi-2019-0145
                a669f362-b1c1-447a-ad6a-b6b25ec572df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 January 2020
                : 10 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Científicos

                Tafonomia,Experimentation,Amazonian context,Taphonomy,Experimentação,Contexto amazônico

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