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      Acute toxicity assessment of polyaniline/Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide quantum dots on Cypridopsis vidua and Artemia salina

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          Abstract

          Nanotoxicology is argued and considered one of the emerging topics. In this study, polyaniline (PANI)/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) capped silver nanoparticles (NPs)/graphene oxide (GO) quantum dots (QDs) nanocomposite (PANI/Ag (AMPSA)/GO QDs NC) as a nanoadsorbent has a potential for removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from water. The acute toxicity of this NC was evaluated on Artemia salina and freshwater Ostracods ( Cypridopsis vidua) larvae for 48 h. The measurements were made at 24 and 48 h with 3 repetitions. The 50% effective concentration (EC 50) values of the NC were determined after the exposure of these organisms. According to the results of the optical microscope, it was found that both experimental organisms intake the NC. In the toxicity results of Ostracods, the NC had a highly toxic effect only at 250 mg/L after 48 h and the EC 50 value was 157.6 ± 6.4 mg/L. For Artemia salina individuals, it was noted that they were less sensitive than the Ostracods and EC 50 value was 476 ± 25.1 mg/L after 48 h. These results indicated that PANI/Ag (AMPSA)/GO QDs NC has low toxicity towards both investigated organisms.

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          Aggregation kinetics of citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolyte solutions.

          Khanh An Huynh, Kai Chen (2011)
          The aggregation kinetics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were coated with two commonly used capping agents-citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)--were investigated. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to measure the aggregation kinetics of the AgNPs over a range of monovalent and divalent electrolyte concentrations. The aggregation behavior of citrate-coated AgNPs in NaCl was in excellent agreement with the predictions based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, and the Hamaker constant of citrate-coated AgNPs in aqueous solutions was derived to be 3.7 × 10(-20) J. Divalent electrolytes were more efficient in destabilizing the citrate-coated AgNPs, as indicated by the considerably lower critical coagulation concentrations (2.1 mM CaCl(2) and 2.7 mM MgCl(2) vs 47.6 mM NaCl). The PVP-coated AgNPs were significantly more stable than citrate-coated AgNPs in both NaCl and CaCl(2), which is likely due to steric repulsion imparted by the large, noncharged polymers. The addition of humic acid resulted in the adsorption of the macromolecules on both citrate- and PVP-coated AgNPs. The adsorption of humic acid induced additional electrosteric repulsion that elevated the stability of both nanoparticles in suspensions containing NaCl or low concentrations of CaCl(2). Conversely, enhanced aggregation occurred for both nanoparticles at high CaCl(2) concentrations due to interparticle bridging by humic acid aggregates.
          Article 0 comments Cited 101 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Use of the genus Artemia in ecotoxicity testing.

            L Guilhermino, Aryane E. B. Nunes, Rodrigo Carvalho … (2006)
            Information related to varied uses of several species of the genus Artemia (commonly known as brine shrimp), is dispersed among literature from several scientific areas, such as Ecology, Physiology, Ecotoxicology, Aquaculture and Genetics. The present paper reviews information related to Artemia that may be considered relevant for ecotoxicity testing. Integration of different areas of scientific knowledge concerning biology, life cycle and environmental needs of Artemia is of crucial importance when considering the interpretation of results drawn from tests involving this genus. Furthermore, this paper provides suggestions to overcome problems related to toxicity assessment with the use of Artemia as test organism in bioassays, under the scope of estuarine, marine and hypersaline environments. Aspects related to variability in results, adoptable toxicity end-points, culture conditions, characteristics of species and strains, influence of geographical origins over physiological features and responses to exposure to chemical agents are considered.
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              Stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions.

              Chih Tso, Cheng-min Zhung, Yang-Hsin Shih … (2010)
              The application of nanoparticles in the processes of making commercial products has increased in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. With increasing amount of commercial nanoparticles released into nature, their fate and effects on the ecosystem and human health are of growing concern. This study investigated the stability and morphology of three metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. The commercially available nanoparticles, TiO(2), ZnO, SiO(2), aggregated quickly into micrometer-size particles in aqueous solutions, which may not threaten human health. Their changes in morphology and characteristics were further examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Among the several dispersion approaches, ultrasonication was found to be the most effective for disaggregating nanoparticles in water. For these three selected nanoparticles, ZnO could not remain stable in suspensions, presumably due to the dissolution of particles to form high concentration of ions, resulting in enhanced aggregation of particles. In addition, the existence of dissolved organic matters stabilized nanoparticles in lake water and wastewater for several hours in spite of the high concentration of cations in these real-water samples. The fate of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural water bodies would be determined by the type and concentration of cations and organic matters. Results obtained in this study revealed that the stability of nanoparticles changed under different aqueous conditions and so did their fate in the environment.
              Article 0 comments Cited 52 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Azza Shokry: azzashokry@alexu.edu.eg
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 March 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 5 March 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5336
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7155.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2260 6941, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, , Alexandria University, ; P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
                [2 ]GRID grid.420020.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0483 2576, Department of Nanotechnology and Composite Materials, Institute of New Materials and Advanced Technology, , City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab City, ; P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
                [3 ]GRID grid.7155.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2260 6941, Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, , Alexandria University, ; P.O. Box 832, Alexandria, Egypt
                Article
                Publisher ID: 84903
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84903-5
                PMC ID: 7935903
                PubMed ID: 33674670
                SO-VID: a0b7bae4-d2d4-4998-be4c-74973831a482
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 26 November 2020
                Date accepted : 22 February 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: environmental sciences,chemistry,nanoscience and technology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: environmental sciences, chemistry, nanoscience and technology

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