Article Information
Accepted for Publication: February 26, 2024.
Published: May 7, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10075
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
CC-BY License. © 2024 Lin HC et al.
JAMA Network Open.
Corresponding Authors: Yao-Shen Chen, MD, Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital,
Kaohsiung, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan
(
yschen@
123456vghks.gov.tw
); Yu-Chung Juan, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital,
Taichung, No. 2, Yude Rd., North District, Taichung City 404327, Taiwan (
danny30662@
123456gmail.com
).
Author Contributions: Dr Chang had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility
for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs Lin and Chou
contributed equally as first authors in this article.
Concept and design: Chou, Chiang, Chang, Chen.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Lin, Chou, Juan.
Drafting of the manuscript: Lin, Chou, Chiang, Chang.
Critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Lin, Chou, Chen, Juan.
Statistical analysis: Chou, Chang, Chen.
Obtained funding: Lin, Chou.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Lin, Chou.
Supervision: Lin, Chen, Juan.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by grants KSVGH-113-117 from Kaohsiung Veterans Hospital
and EDAHS110009 from E-Da Hospital.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management,
analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the
manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional Contributions: We acknowledge Chang-Bi Wang, PhD (E-Da Hospital), for his assistance in data collection,
analysis, and table formatting. We acknowledge I-Ming Jou, PhD (E-Da Hospital.), for
his assistance in interpretation of data in draft. These individuals were not compensated
for this work.