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      Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery

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          Abstract

          This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in drug delivery. To give a brief understanding about the preparation of GQDs, recent advances in methods of GQDs synthesis are first presented. Afterwards, various drug delivery-release modes of GQDs-based drug delivery systems such as EPR-pH delivery-release mode, ligand-pH delivery-release mode, EPR-Photothermal delivery-Release mode, and Core/Shell-photothermal/magnetic thermal delivery-release mode are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospective application of GQDs in drug delivery are discussed.

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. Morozov … (2004)
          We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
          Article 0 comments Cited 4778 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons.

            Dmitry V Kosynkin, Amanda L Higginbotham, Alexander Sinitskii … (2009)
            Graphene, or single-layered graphite, with its high crystallinity and interesting semimetal electronic properties, has emerged as an exciting two-dimensional material showing great promise for the fabrication of nanoscale devices. Thin, elongated strips of graphene that possess straight edges, termed graphene ribbons, gradually transform from semiconductors to semimetals as their width increases, and represent a particularly versatile variety of graphene. Several lithographic, chemical and synthetic procedures are known to produce microscopic samples of graphene nanoribbons, and one chemical vapour deposition process has successfully produced macroscopic quantities of nanoribbons at 950 degrees C. Here we describe a simple solution-based oxidative process for producing a nearly 100% yield of nanoribbon structures by lengthwise cutting and unravelling of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) side walls. Although oxidative shortening of MWCNTs has previously been achieved, lengthwise cutting is hitherto unreported. Ribbon structures with high water solubility are obtained. Subsequent chemical reduction of the nanoribbons from MWCNTs results in restoration of electrical conductivity. These early results affording nanoribbons could eventually lead to applications in fields of electronics and composite materials where bulk quantities of nanoribbons are required.
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              Blue luminescent graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide prepared by tuning the carbonization degree of citric acid

              Xiaomei Lin, Guonan Chen, Yuwu Chi … (2012)
              Article 0 comments Cited 399 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Changhong Zhao: 15921061530@163.com
                Qiqing Zhang: Zhangqiq@126.com
                Johan Liu: johan.liu@chalmers.se
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology
                Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 October 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 2 October 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 18
                Electronic Location Identifier: 142
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412990.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1808 322X, School of Life Sciences and Technology, , Xinxiang Medical University, ; Xinxiang, 453003 P. R. China
                [2 ]GRID grid.5371.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0775 6028, Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, , Chalmers University of Technology, ; 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
                [3 ]GRID grid.426086.e, SHT Smart High-Tech AB, ; 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
                [4 ]GRID grid.5170.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 8870, Department of Health Technology, , Technical University of Denmark, ; 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
                [5 ]GRID grid.39436.3b, ISNI 0000 0001 2323 5732, School of Automation and Mechanical Engineering, , SMIT Center, Shanghai University, ; No 20, Chengzhong Road, Box 808, ShanghaiShanghai, 201800 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 698
                DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00698-z
                PMC ID: 7532648
                PubMed ID: 33008457
                SO-VID: 99508d85-932b-40a5-993d-73505a53017e
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 26 May 2020
                Date accepted : 24 September 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Education Department of Henan Province (CN)
                Award ID: 18A430026
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: graphene quantum dots,top-down,bottom-up,drug delivery,delivery-release mode
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: graphene quantum dots, top-down, bottom-up, drug delivery, delivery-release mode

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