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      Silicate fertilization potentiates the nodule formation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean1 Translated title: Adubação silicatada potencializa a formação de nódulos e a fixação biológica de nitrogênio em soja

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The application of silicon (Si) to the soil can increase the grain yield of the soybean crop by improving the nitrogen biological fixation, due to its beneficial effect on the Bradyrhizobium-soybean symbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fertilization with calcium and magnesium silicate on plant growth, root nodulation and nitrogen (N) uptake, in two soybean cultivars [BRS 1074 IPRO (transgenic) and BRS-MG 800A (conventional)], under greenhouse conditions. The application of silicate significantly increased the number of root nodules only for the BRS-MG 800A, while the positive effects of the silicate addition on nodule size, chlorophyll level and leaf N concentration were observed in both cultivars. The soybean cultivars show distinct responses to the silicate application, with respect to growth and dry matter yield, being the BRS 1074 IPRO more responsive than the BRS-MG 800A. Therefore, Si may induce the formation of root nodules in soybean plants and lead to significant increases in the nitrogen biological fixation and plant growth. These results highlight that Si is not only involved in the improvement of plant growth, but it can be also considered a crucial element to improve the symbiotic performance of soybean plants. However, the physiological basis of how and where silicate exerts its influence on nodulation and nitrogen biological fixation still remains unknown.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO A aplicação de silício (Si) ao solo pode aumentar o rendimento de grãos da cultura da soja, por melhorar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio, devido ao seu efeito benéfico sobre a simbiose Bradyrhizobium-soja. Objetivou-se investigar o efeito da aplicação de silicato de cálcio e magnésio no crescimento, nodulação e absorção de nitrogênio (N), em duas cultivares de soja [BRS 1074 IPRO (transgênica) e BRS-MG 800A (convencional)], em condições de casa-de-vegetação. A aplicação de silicato aumentou significativamente o número de nódulos apenas para a BRS-MG 800A, enquanto os efeitos positivos da adição de silicato no tamanho do nódulo, nível de clorofila e concentração foliar de N foram observados em ambas as cultivares. As cultivares de soja têm distinta resposta à aplicação de silicato, em relação ao crescimento e produção de matéria seca, sendo a BRS 1074 IPRO mais responsiva que a BRS-MG 800A. Portanto, o Si pode induzir a formação de nódulos radiculares em plantas de soja e levar a aumentos significativos na fixação biológica de N e no crescimento das plantas. Esses resultados ressaltam que o Si não está envolvido apenas na melhoria do crescimento das plantas, mas, também, pode ser considerado um importante elemento para melhorar o desempenho simbiótico destas. No entanto, a base fisiológica de como e onde o silicato exerce sua influência na nodulação e na fixação biológica de nitrogênio ainda permanece desconhecida.

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          Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants.

          Silicon (Si) accumulation differs greatly between plant species because of differences in Si uptake by the roots. Recently, a gene encoding a Si uptake transporter in rice, a typical Si-accumulating plant, was isolated. The beneficial effects of Si are mainly associated with its high deposition in plant tissues, enhancing their strength and rigidity. However, Si might play an active role in enhancing host resistance to plant diseases by stimulating defense reaction mechanisms. Because many plants are not able to accumulate Si at high enough levels to be beneficial, genetically manipulating the Si uptake capacity of the root might help plants to accumulate more Si and, hence, improve their ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses.
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            Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in Sorghum bicolor

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              The Role of Silicon in Higher Plants under Salinity and Drought Stress

              Although deemed a “non-essential” mineral nutrient, silicon (Si) is clearly beneficial to plant growth and development, particularly under stress conditions, including salinity and drought. Here, we review recent research on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying Si-induced alleviation of osmotic and ionic stresses associated with salinity and drought. We distinguish between changes observed in the apoplast (i.e., suberization, lignification, and silicification of the extracellular matrix; transpirational bypass flow of solutes and water), and those of the symplast (i.e., transmembrane transport of solutes and water; gene expression; oxidative stress; metabolism), and discuss these features in the context of Si biogeochemistry and bioavailability in agricultural soils, evaluating the prospect of using Si fertilization to increase crop yield and stress tolerance under salinity and drought conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pat
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical
                Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.
                Escola de Agronomia/UFG (Goiânia, GO, Brazil )
                1517-6398
                1983-4063
                December 2018
                : 48
                : 3
                : 212-221
                Affiliations
                [1] Cassilândia Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul orgdiv1Departamento de Agronomia Brazil steiner@ 123456uems.br
                [2] Chapadão do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul orgdiv1Departamento de Agronomia Brazil alan_zuffo@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Jaboticabal orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Brazil diegomunizbbr@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1983-40632018000300212
                10.1590/1983-40632018v4851472
                977a33aa-2e80-4764-a035-210983b54f42

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2018
                : February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                chlorophyll,Glycine max (L.) Merrill,nodulação,silício,clorofila,nodulation,silicon

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