Resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos y quinolonas en Escherichia coli aislada de pollos broiler  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones in Escherichia coli isolated from broilers </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana de 176 cepas de Escherichia. coli aisladas de órganos de pollos broiler. Las cepas fueron desafiadas con antibióticos betalactámicos, quinolonas y fluoroquinolonas, observándose resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos (97.7%) y a quinolonas (86.7%). El 71.6% de los aislados también expresaron fenotípicamente la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (ESLB). Mediante PCR se determinaron genes de resistencia para betalactámicos blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1 y Amp-C y genes de resistencia para quinolonas qnrA, qnrB, qnrS. Se encontraron los genes Amp-C (74%), blaCTX-M (65%), blaSHV (65%), blaTEM (50%), qnrB (86.4%) y qnrS (11.9%). No se evidenció el gen qnrA en las muestras analizadas. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un gran porcentaje de resistencia a los antibióticos estudiados y la presencia de genes de resistencia en aislados de aves para consumo humano, lo cual constituye un riesgo para la salud pública.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of 176 Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chicken organs. The strains were challenged with beta-lactam, quinolones and fluoroquinolones, observing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (97.7%) and quinolones (86.7%). The results showed that 71.6% of the isolates phenotypically expressed the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESLB). By PCR, resistance genes for beta-lactams blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1 and Amp-C and resistance genes for quinolones qnrA, qnrB, qnrS were determined. The genes AmpC (74%), blaCTX-M (65%), blaSHV (65%), blaTEM (50%), qnrB (86.4%) and qnrS (11.9%) were found. The qnrA gene was not evident in the samples analysed. The results obtained revealed a large percentage of resistance to the studied antibiotics and the presence of resistance genes in isolates from poultry for human consumption, which constitutes a risk for Public Health.

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Colibacillosis in poultry: unravelling the molecular basis of virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in their natural hosts.

Francis Dziva, Mark P. Stevens (2008)

Avian colibacillosis is caused by a group of pathogens designated avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Despite being known for over a century, avian colibacillosis remains one of the major endemic diseases afflicting the poultry industry worldwide. Autologous bacterins provide limited serotype-specific protection, yet multiple serogroups are associated with disease, especially O1, O2 and O78 among many others. Experimental infection models have facilitated the identification of some key APEC virulence genes and have allowed testing of vaccine candidates. Well-recognized virulence factors include Type 1 (F1) and P (Pap/Prs) fimbriae for colonization, IbeA for invasion, iron acquisition systems, TraT and Iss for serum survival, K and O antigens for anti-phagocytic activity, and a temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin of imprecise function. Intriguingly, these factors do not occur universally among APEC, suggesting the presence of multiple alternative mechanisms mediating pathogenicity. The recent availability of the first complete APEC genome sequence can be expected to accelerate the identification of bacterial genes expressed during infection and required for virulence. High-throughput molecular approaches like signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis have already proved invaluable in revealing portfolios of genes expressed by pathogenic bacteria during infection, and this has enabled identification of APEC O2 factors required for septicaemia in the chicken model. Complimentary approaches, such as in vivo-induced antigen technology, exist to define the activities of APEC in vivo. In recent years, reverse vaccinology and immuno-proteomic approaches have also enabled identification of novel vaccine candidates in other bacterial pathogens. Collectively, such information provides the basis for the development or improvement of strategies to control APEC infections in the food-producing avian species.

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Avian colibacillosis: still many black holes.

Rodrigo Guabiraba, Catherine Schouler (2015)

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains cause severe respiratory and systemic diseases, threatening food security and avian welfare worldwide. Intensification of poultry production and the quick expansion of free-range production systems will increase the incidence of colibacillosis through greater exposure of birds to pathogens and stress. Therapy is mainly based on antibiotherapy and current vaccines have poor efficacy. Serotyping remains the most frequently used diagnostic method, only allowing the identification of a limited number of APEC strains. Several studies have demonstrated that the most common virulence factors studied in APEC are all rarely present in the same isolate, showing that APEC strains constitute a heterogeneous group. Different isolates may harbor different associations of virulence factors, each one able to induce colibacillosis. Despite its economical relevance, pathogenesis of colibacillosis is poorly understood. Our knowledge on the host response to APEC is based on very descriptive studies, mostly restricted to bacteriological and histopathological analysis of infected organs such as lungs. Furthermore, only a small number of APEC isolates have been used in experimental studies. In the present review, we discuss current knowledge on APEC diversity and virulence, including host response to infection and the associated inflammatory response with a focus on pulmonary colibacillosis.

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Environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and correlation to anthropogenic contamination with antibiotics

Björn Berglund (2015)

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem which threatens modern healthcare globally. Resistance has traditionally been viewed as a clinical problem, but recently non-clinical environments have been highlighted as an important factor in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events are likely to be common in aquatic environments; integrons in particular are well suited for mediating environmental dissemination of ARGs. A growing body of evidence suggests that ARGs are ubiquitous in natural environments. Particularly, elevated levels of ARGs and integrons in aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities. The source of this increase is likely to be routine discharge of antibiotics and resistance genes, for example, via wastewater or run-off from livestock facilities and agriculture. While very high levels of antibiotic contamination are likely to select for resistant bacteria directly, the role of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in environmental antibiotic resistance dissemination remains unclear. In vitro studies have shown that low levels of antibiotics can select for resistant mutants and also facilitate HGT, indicating the need for caution. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that the environment plays an important role in dissemination of antibiotic resistance; further studies are needed to elucidate key aspects of this process. Importantly, the levels of environmental antibiotic contamination at which resistant bacteria are selected for and HGT is facilitated at should be determined. This would enable better risk analyses and facilitate measures for preventing dissemination and development of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

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Author and article information

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Journal ID (publisher-id): rivep

Title: Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú

Abbreviated Title: Rev. investig. vet. Perú

Publisher: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (Lima, , Peru )

ISSN (Print): 1609-9117

Publication date (Print and electronic): April 2021

Volume: 32

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: e20012

Affiliations

[2] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad de Santander orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrícolas orgdiv2Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias GICA Colombia

[1] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad de Santander orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Grupo de investigación CliniUdes Colombia m.vasquez@ 123456udes.edu.co

[4] Tunja, Boyacá Boyacá orgnameUniversidad de Boyacá Colombia

[3] Toluca Estado de México orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México Mexico

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Publisher ID: S1609-91172021000200009 Publisher ID: S1609-9117(21)03200200009

DOI: 10.15381/rivep.v32i2.20012

SO-VID: 91778b5d-b741-49f9-8f1f-95fa2fdc0b20

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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Date accepted : 22 December 2020

Date received : 16 June 2020

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 0

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Resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos y quinolonas en Escherichia coli aislada de pollos broiler Translated title: Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones in Escherichia coli isolated from broilers

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Most cited references 46

Colibacillosis in poultry: unravelling the molecular basis of virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in their natural hosts.

Avian colibacillosis: still many black holes.

Environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and correlation to anthropogenic contamination with antibiotics

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