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      Genetic diversity goals and targets have improved, but remain insufficient for clear implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

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      1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , 29 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 5 , 27 , 28 ,
      Conservation Genetics (Print)
      Springer Netherlands
      Adaptive capacity, Gene flow, Global conservation policy, Effective population size, Indicators

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          Abstract

          Genetic diversity among and within populations of all species is necessary for people and nature to survive and thrive in a changing world. Over the past three years, commitments for conserving genetic diversity have become more ambitious and specific under the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF). This Perspective article comments on how goals and targets of the GBF have evolved, the improvements that are still needed, lessons learned from this process, and connections between goals and targets and the actions and reporting that will be needed to maintain, protect, manage and monitor genetic diversity. It is possible and necessary that the GBF strives to maintain genetic diversity within and among populations of all species, to restore genetic connectivity, and to develop national genetic conservation strategies, and to report on these using proposed, feasible indicators.

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          Most cited references42

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          Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance.

          Motivated by recent global reductions in biodiversity, empirical and theoretical research suggests that more species-rich systems exhibit enhanced productivity, nutrient cycling, or resistance to disturbance or invasion relative to systems with fewer species. In contrast, few data are available to assess the potential ecosystem-level importance of genetic diversity within species known to play a major functional role. Using a manipulative field experiment, we show that increasing genotypic diversity in a habitat-forming species (the seagrass Zostera marina) enhances community resistance to disturbance by grazing geese. The time required for recovery to near predisturbance densities also decreases with increasing eelgrass genotypic diversity. However, there is no effect of diversity on resilience, measured as the rate of shoot recovery after the disturbance, suggesting that more rapid recovery in diverse plots is due solely to differences in disturbance resistance. Genotypic diversity did not affect ecosystem processes in the absence of disturbance. Thus, our results suggest that genetic diversity, like species diversity, may be most important for enhancing the consistency and reliability of ecosystems by providing biological insurance against environmental change.
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            A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets.

            In 2010, the international community, under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity, agreed on 20 biodiversity-related "Aichi Targets" to be achieved within a decade. We provide a comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward these global targets using 55 indicator data sets. We projected indicator trends to 2020 using an adaptive statistical framework that incorporated the specific properties of individual time series. On current trajectories, results suggest that despite accelerating policy and management responses to the biodiversity crisis, the impacts of these efforts are unlikely to be reflected in improved trends in the state of biodiversity by 2020. We highlight areas of societal endeavor requiring additional efforts to achieve the Aichi Targets, and provide a baseline against which to assess future progress.
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              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Genetics in conservation management: Revised recommendations for the 50/500 rules, Red List criteria and population viability analyses

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                shoban@mortonarb.org
                linda.laikre@popgen.su.se
                Journal
                Conserv Genet
                Conserv Genet
                Conservation Genetics (Print)
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                1566-0621
                1572-9737
                16 January 2023
                16 January 2023
                : 1-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.421871.9, ISNI 0000 0001 2160 9622, The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, ; Lisle, USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.170205.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7822, The University of Chicago, ; Chicago, USA
                [3 ]GRID grid.5600.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0807 5670, School of Biosciences, , Cardiff University, ; Cardiff, UK
                [4 ]GRID grid.452736.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2166 5237, South African National Biodiversity Institute, ; Pretoria, South Africa
                [5 ]GRID grid.47894.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, Department of Biology, , Colorado State University, ; Fort Collins, USA
                [6 ]GRID grid.1004.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2158 5405, School of Natural Sciences, , Macquarie University, ; Sydney, NSW Australia
                [7 ]GRID grid.422378.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0513 477X, NatureServe, ; Biodiversity Indicators Program, Arlington, USA
                [8 ]GRID grid.1013.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 834X, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, , The University of Sydney, ; Sydney, Australia
                [9 ]GRID grid.508391.6, ISNI 0000 0004 0622 9359, INRAE, University Bordeaux, ; Biogeco, Cestas France
                [10 ]GRID grid.2865.9, ISNI 0000000121546924, U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, ; Gainesville, USA
                [11 ]GRID grid.429621.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0442 3983, Oceans Division, , Natural Resources Defense Council, ; NewYork, USA
                [12 ]GRID grid.472876.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 372X, Chicago Zoological Society, , Species Conservation Toolkit Initiative, ; Brookfield, USA
                [13 ]Conservation Planning Specialist Group, IUCN SSC, Auckland, New Zealand
                [14 ]GRID grid.421643.6, ISNI 0000 0001 1925 7621, Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA), , NOVA FCSH, ; Lisbon, Portugal
                [15 ]GRID grid.1047.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0416 0263, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, ; Kingston, Australia
                [16 ]GRID grid.484045.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0369 5952, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), ; Mexico City, Mexico
                [17 ]GRID grid.418270.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0428 7635, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología (CONACYT), ; Mexico City, Mexico
                [18 ]GRID grid.1006.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0462 7212, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, , Newcastle University, ; Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
                [19 ]GRID grid.17088.36, ISNI 0000 0001 2150 1785, Department of Integrative Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, , Michigan State University, AgBio Research, ; Lansing, USA
                [20 ]GRID grid.435417.0, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, ; Geraardsbergen, Belgium
                [21 ]GRID grid.14709.3b, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8649, Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), , McGill University, ; Montreal, Canada
                [22 ]GRID grid.17088.36, ISNI 0000 0001 2150 1785, Kellogg Biological Station; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, , Michigan State University, ; Lansing, USA
                [23 ]GRID grid.418875.7, ISNI 0000 0001 1091 6248, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), ; Seville, Spain
                [24 ]NatureScot, Inverness, Scotland, UK
                [25 ]GRID grid.4305.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7988, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, , University of Edinburgh, ; EH25 9RG, Midlothian, United Kingdom
                [26 ]GRID grid.5963.9, Wildlife Ecology and Management, , University Freiburg, ; Freiburg, Germany
                [27 ]GRID grid.424414.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 6224, Forest Ecology Unit, , Fondazione Edmund Mach, ; Trento, Italy
                [28 ]GRID grid.10548.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9377, Department of Zoology, , Stockholm University, ; Stockholm, Sweden
                [29 ]GRID grid.412988.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0109 131X, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, , University of Johannesburg, ; Johannesburg, South Africa
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-8449
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-6080
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-1166
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-3618
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5904
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-1680
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-1822
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-3645
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-8094
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-6231
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-6759
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-200X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-6353
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-7444
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-4888
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-0551
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9638-1538
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-5588
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-5147
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-295X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-0428
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-7008
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-9289
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-5669
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-3361
                Article
                1492
                10.1007/s10592-022-01492-0
                9841145
                36683963
                8adc21c2-4651-48b2-bb99-a65f90b9dc96
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 8 November 2022
                : 30 November 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780, European Commission;
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award ID: CA18134
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Stockholm University
                Categories
                Research Article

                adaptive capacity,gene flow,global conservation policy,effective population size,indicators

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