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      Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing

      research-article
      Author(s): , , , , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
      Publisher: Oxford University Press

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          Abstract

          DGCR8/Pasha is an essential cofactor for Drosha, a nuclear RNase III that cleaves the local hairpin structures embedded in long primary microRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in eukaryotes. Although our knowledge of pri-miRNA processing has significantly advanced in recent years, the precise role of DGCR8 in this pathway remains unclear. In our present study, we dissect the domains in DGCR8 that contribute to the processing of pri-miRNAs and the subcellular localization of DGCR8. Drosha is stabilized through an interaction between its middle domain and the conserved C-terminal domain of DGCR8. Furthermore, DGCR8, but not Drosha, can directly and stably interact with pri-miRNAs, and the tandem dsRNA-binding domains (dsRBDs) in DGCR8 are responsible for this recognition. Moreover, the DGCR8 N-terminal region upstream of its dsRBDs is unnecessary for pri-miRNA processing but is critical for nuclear localization. Our study thus provides further insights into the mechanism of action of the Drosha–DGCR8 complex in pri-miRNA processing.

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          MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing.

          V Kim (2005)
          The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) took many by surprise because of their unorthodox features and widespread functions. These tiny, approximately 22-nucleotide, RNAs control several pathways including developmental timing, haematopoiesis, organogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation and possibly even tumorigenesis. Among the most pressing questions regarding this unusual class of regulatory miRNA-encoding genes is how miRNAs are produced in cells and how the genes themselves are controlled by various regulatory networks.
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            Nuclear export of microRNA precursors.

            Elsebet Lund, Stephan Güttinger, Angelo Calado … (2004)
            MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which function as regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes, are processed from larger transcripts by sequential action of nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonuclease III-like endonucleases. We show that Exportin-5 (Exp5) mediates efficient nuclear export of short miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) and that its depletion by RNA interference results in reduced miRNA levels. Exp5 binds correctly processed pre-miRNAs directly and specifically, in a Ran guanosine triphosphate-dependent manner, but interacts only weakly with extended pre-miRNAs that yield incorrect miRNAs when processed by Dicer in vitro. Thus, Exp5 is key to miRNA biogenesis and may help coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic processing steps.
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              Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs.

              Xuezhong Cai, Curt H. Hagedorn, Bryan R. Cullen (2004)
              The factors regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), a ubiquitous family of approximately 22-nt noncoding regulatory RNAs, remain undefined. However, it is known that miRNAs are first transcribed as a largely unstructured precursor, termed a primary miRNA (pri-miRNA), which is sequentially processed in the nucleus, to give the approximately 65-nt pre-miRNA hairpin intermediate, and then in the cytoplasm, to give the mature miRNA. Here we have sought to identify the RNA polymerase responsible for miRNA transcription and to define the structure of a full-length human miRNA. We show that the pri-miRNA precursors for nine human miRNAs are both capped and polyadenylated and report the sequence of the full-length, approximately 3433-nt pri-miR-21 RNA. This pri-miR-21 gene sequence is flanked 5' by a promoter element able to transcribe heterologous mRNAs and 3' by a consensus polyadenylation sequence. Nuclear processing of pri-miRNAs was found to be efficient, thus largely preventing the nuclear export of full-length pri-miRNAs. Nevertheless, an intact miRNA stem-loop precursor located in the 3' UTR of a protein coding gene only moderately inhibited expression of the linked open reading frame, probably because the 3' truncated mRNA could still be exported and expressed. Together, these data show that human pri-miRNAs are not only structurally similar to mRNAs but can, in fact, function both as pri-miRNAs and mRNAs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nucleic Acids Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Nucleic Acids Research
                Title: Nucleic Acids Research
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 0305-1048
                ISSN (Electronic): 1362-4962
                Publication date Collection: September 2006
                Publication date (Print): September 2006
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 September 2006
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 16
                Pages: 4622-4629
                Affiliations
                Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics, Seoul National University Seoul 151-742, Korea
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 880 9120; Fax: +82 2 887 0244; Email: narrykim@ 123456snu.ac.kr
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl458
                PMC ID: 1636349
                PubMed ID: 16963499
                SO-VID: 89d23123-bf2d-48c3-ab85-d9d432ea2747
                Copyright © © 2006 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 May 2006
                Date revision received : 15 June 2006
                Date accepted : 15 June 2006
                Categories
                Subject: RNA

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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