Teores foliares, acúmulo e partição de macronutrientes na cultura da abóbora irrigada com água salina

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Abstract

Na região de Mossoró a área cultivada com abóbora tem sofrido um aumento considerável, em virtude da demanda externa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre os teores, o acúmulo e partição de macronutrientes no tecido vegetal da abóbora. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de fevereiro a abril de 2008, em condições de campo, na Fazenda Experimental da UFERSA, Mossoró, RN. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos da aplicação de irrigação com cinco níveis de salinidade da água medida ao longo do ciclo (S1=0,66; S2=2,11; S3=3,29; S4=4,11 e S5=4,38 dS m-1). Os teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, foram avaliados em quatro épocas: 18, 28, 42 e 56 dias após a germinação (DAG) durante o ciclo da cultura. A salinidade da água de irrigação afetou a absorção de nutrientes pela cultura da abóbora. Os maiores teores de fósforo, potássio e magnésio no tecido vegetal da abóbora, foram obtidos na fase intermediária do ciclo da cultura. Os teores de nitrogênio diminuíram enquanto os teores de cálcio aumentaram ao longo do ciclo da cultura. A absorção de nutrientes pela cultura da abóbora ocorreu na seguinte ordem: K > N > Ca > P > Mg, obtendo-se o total de 126,5, 72,7, 42,0, 15,5 e 9,7 kg ha-1, sendo exportados para os frutos cerca de 64,1, 82,8, 73,7, 11,2 e 50,7%, respectivamente.

Translated abstract

In the region of Mossoró, the area planted with pumpkin has increased substantially because of external demand. This study aimed to assess the effect of irrigation with saline water on the concentration N, P, K, Ca and Mg in vegetal tissue of the pumpkin. This experiment was carried out from February to April 2008, under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of UFERSA, Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was in completely randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water salinity measured along the cycle (S1=0.66, S2=2.11, S3=3.29, S4= 4.11 and S5=4.38 dS m-1). The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were evaluated in leaf at four stages (18, 28, 42 and 56 days after germination (DAG) during the crop cycle. The salinity of irrigation water affected the absorption of nutrients by the pumpkin. The highest levels of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the leaves of the pumpkin were obtained at the intermediate stage of the crop cycle. The content of nitrogen decreased, while the calcium increased over the crop cycle. Nutrient uptake by the pumpkin crop occurred in the following order: K> N> Ca> P> Mg, scoring a total of 126.5, 72.7, 42.0, 15.5 and 9.7 kg ha-1, the fruits exported about 64.1, 82.8, 73.7, 11.2 and 50.7%, respectively.

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Most cited references 33

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Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination.

Ron Mittler (2006)

Farmers and breeders have long known that often it is the simultaneous occurrence of several abiotic stresses, rather than a particular stress condition, that is most lethal to crops. Surprisingly, the co-occurrence of different stresses is rarely addressed by molecular biologists that study plant acclimation. Recent studies have revealed that the response of plants to a combination of two different abiotic stresses is unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the response of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. Tolerance to a combination of different stress conditions, particularly those that mimic the field environment, should be the focus of future research programs aimed at developing transgenic crops and plants with enhanced tolerance to naturally occurring environmental conditions.