Efficacy of a high concentration of nano silver fluoride in preventing caries: A randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Background

To investigate the effectiveness of a novel agent containing Nano Silver Fluoride 1500 (NSF 1500) and chitosan to inactivate carious lesions in children.

Material and Methods

The study included eighty children. While both groups had fluoride dentifrice applied to their teeth, only the experimental group received treatment with the NSF 1500-ppm solution. The first and sixth-month interval examinations were conducted by two calibrated dentists (k = 0.85).

Results

The NSF 1500 group had 69.2% of their teeth with arrested decay, while the control group had 24.1%. The difference was statistically significant ( p 0.001), with a preventive fraction of 59.4%. The number needed to treat (NNT) was approximately two. The NSF 1500 formulation was more effective than toothbrushing alone with fluoridated dentifrice in preventing dental caries.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of NSF 1500 is determined by the size and depth of the dental cavity. Its ability to arrest caries lesions was comparable to previously tested products, NSF 400 and NSF 600.

Key words:Preventive dentistry, dental caries, nanoparticles.

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Most cited references 34

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Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.

Zong-ming Xiu, Qing-bo Zhang, Hema L Puppala … (2012)

For nearly a decade, researchers have debated the mechanisms by which AgNPs exert toxicity to bacteria and other organisms. The most elusive question has been whether the AgNPs exert direct "particle-specific" effects beyond the known antimicrobial activity of released silver ions (Ag(+)). Here, we infer that Ag(+) is the definitive molecular toxicant. We rule out direct particle-specific biological effects by showing the lack of toxicity of AgNPs when synthesized and tested under strictly anaerobic conditions that preclude Ag(0) oxidation and Ag(+) release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the toxicity of various AgNPs (PEG- or PVP- coated, of three different sizes each) accurately follows the dose-response pattern of E. coli exposed to Ag(+) (added as AgNO(3)). Surprisingly, E. coli survival was stimulated by relatively low (sublethal) concentration of all tested AgNPs and AgNO(3) (at 3-8 μg/L Ag(+), or 12-31% of the minimum lethal concentration (MLC)), suggesting a hormetic response that would be counterproductive to antimicrobial applications. Overall, this work suggests that AgNP morphological properties known to affect antimicrobial activity are indirect effectors that primarily influence Ag(+) release. Accordingly, antibacterial activity could be controlled (and environmental impacts could be mitigated) by modulating Ag(+) release, possibly through manipulation of oxygen availability, particle size, shape, and/or type of coating.

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The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries.

A. I. Ismail, W. Sohn, M. Tellez … (2007)

This paper describes early findings of evaluations of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) conducted by the Detroit Center for Research on Oral Health Disparities (DCR-OHD). The lack of consistency among the contemporary criteria systems limits the comparability of outcomes measured in epidemiological and clinical studies. The ICDAS criteria were developed by an international team of caries researchers to integrate several new criteria systems into one standard system for caries detection and assessment. Using ICDAS in the DCR-OHD cohort study, dental examiners first determined whether a clean and dry tooth surface is sound, sealed, restored, crowned, or missing. Afterwards, the examiners classified the carious status of each tooth surface using a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from sound to extensive cavitation. Histological examination of extracted teeth found increased likelihood of carious demineralization in dentin as the ICDAS codes increased in severity. The criteria were also found to have discriminatory validity in analyses of social, behavioral and dietary factors associated with dental caries. The reliability of six examiners to classify tooth surfaces by their ICDAS carious status ranged between good to excellent (kappa coefficients ranged between 0.59 and 0.82). While further work is still needed to define caries activity, validate the criteria and their reliability in assessing dental caries on smooth surfaces, and develop a classification system for assessing preventive and restorative treatment needs, this early evaluation of the ICDAS platform has found that the system is practical; has content validity, correlational validity with histological examination of pits and fissures in extracted teeth; and discriminatory validity.

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Size-dependent antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against oral anaerobic pathogenic bacteria.

ZHONG-LU YE, Yong-ju Li, Rong-Hsing Chen … (2013)

Dental caries and periodontal disease are widespread diseases for which microorganism infections have been identified as the main etiology. Silver nanoparticles (Ag Nps) were considered as potential control oral bacteria infection agent due to its excellent antimicrobial activity and non acute toxic effects on human cells. In this work, stable Ag Nps with different sizes (~5, 15 and 55 nm mean values) were synthesized by using a simple reduction method or hydrothermal method. The Nps were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities were evaluated by colony counting assay and growth inhibition curve method, and corresponding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against five anaerobic oral pathogenic bacteria and aerobic bacteria E. coli were determined. The results showed that Ag Nps had apparent antibacterial effects against the anaerobic oral pathogenic bacteria and aerobic bacteria. The MIC values of 5-nm Ag against anaerobic oral pathogenic bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nuceatum, S. mitis, S. mutans and S. sanguis were 25, 25, 25, 50 and 50 μg/mL, respectively. The aerobic bacteria were more susceptible to Ag NPs than the anaerobic oral pathogenic bacteria. In the mean time, Ag NPs displayed an obvious size-dependent antibacterial activity against the anaerobic bacteria. The 5-nm Ag presents the highest antibacterial activity. The results of this work indicated a potential application of Ag Nps in the inhibition of oral microorganism infections.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.

Title: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry

Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.

ISSN (Electronic): 1989-5488

Publication date (Electronic): 1 March 2024

Publication date Collection: March 2024

Volume: 16

Issue: 3

Pages: e263-e269

Affiliations

[1 ]DDS, MSc, PhD student. University of Pernambuco, School of Dentistry – Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

[2 ]DDS, MSc. University of Pernambuco, School of Dentistry – Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

[3 ]DDS, MSc student. University of Pernambuco, School of Dentistry – Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

[4 ]DDS, MSc, PhD. University of Pernambuco, School of Dentistry – Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

[5 ]DDS, PhD, Professor. University of Pernambuco, School of Dentistry – Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

[6 ]DDS, PhD, Professor. Federal University of Pernambuco – Chemistry Department, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Author notes

Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil , E-mail: jmbmora@ 123456us.es

Article

Publisher ID: 60776

DOI: 10.4317/jced.60776

PMC ID: 11003279

PubMed ID: 38600926

SO-VID: 7eb945b7-4644-4936-9601-46377ba43bb4

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Efficacy of a high concentration of nano silver fluoride in preventing caries: A randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Background

Material and Methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

Nano-Horizons

Most cited references 34

Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries.

Size-dependent antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against oral anaerobic pathogenic bacteria.

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Author notes

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