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Metal-Ion-Responsive Fluorescent Probes for Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy†
February 08 2011
February 08 2011
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Abstract
Metal ion-responsive fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing labile
metal ion pools in live cells. To take full advantage of the benefits offered by two-photon
excitation microscopy, including increased depth penetration, reduced phototoxicity,
and intrinsic 3D capabilities, the photophysical properties of the probes must be
optimized for nonlinear excitation. This review summarizes the challenges associated
with the design of two-photon excitable fluorescent probes and labels and offers an
overview on recent efforts in developing selective and sensitive reagents for the
detection of metal ions in biological systems.